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R

Radiotracking: Radiotracking: SEE Tagging Methods and Recognition ( 0 )
Red Sea ( 45 )
(SEE ALSO: Africa; Asia)
  *1828-99Hemprich & Ehrenberg (Halicora Hemprichii & H. Lottum, n.spp.)
x *1834Rüppell, E. (Halicore tabernaculi, n.sp.; anatomy & natural history; 99-114, pl. 6.)
   1871Klunzinger, C.B.
   1878Klunzinger, C.B.
x  1895Yerbury & Thomas (DD; Aden; 555.)
   1902Anderson & De Winton
x  1905Linstow, O.v. (DD; Assab, Eritrea; nematode Ascaris halicoris; m258.)
x  1906bDexler & Freund (DD; 50, 66.)
x  1906cDexler & Freund (DD; color; 568.)
x  1912Issel, A. (DD; Assab, Eritrea; 121.)
x  1923aPetit, G. (DD; 77, 83.)
x  1926Cheesman, R.E. (DD; 348, m350.)
x  1928Prater, S.H. (DD; 84, pl. 1.)
x  1930Aharoni, J. (DD; dispersal through Suez Canal; 330.)
   1939Budker, P.
   1943Bertram, G.C.L. (DD)
   1944Gohar, H.A.F. (DD)
x *1957Gohar, H.A.F. (DD; distr., 4-5, 40, 42; anatomy, natural history, taxonomy, 6-49.)
   1963Bertram, G.C.L. (DD)
x  1968Gewalt, W. (attempted rescue of supposed "shipwrecked sailors" [dugongs]; 123.)
x  1971Hellwing & Steinitz (DD sightings & skull; Gulf of Elat; 11-12.)
x  1972Por, F.D. (DD; El Hamira Bay, Gulf of Aqaba; 12.)
x  1973Bertram & Bertram (DD; distr.; 306-307.)
   1976Berhanu, A. (DD; Dahlac Islands)
x  1976Ilani, G. (DD; Gulf of Aqaba; 161.)
x *1976Lipkin, Y. (DD; stomach contents & feeding; 81-96.)
   1976Moore & Balzarotti (DD; Suakin Archipelago)
   1976Ormond, R.F.G. (DD)
x  1976Paz & Ilani (DD; sightings & captures; 73-74.)
   1978Ormond, R.F.G. (DD)
x  1979Hilmy et al. (DD; hematology; 197-203.)
x  1980Blair, D. (DD; trematode Indosolenorchis hirudinaceus; 512-513.)
x  1981aBlair, D. (DD; parasitic flukes; 15.)
x *1982Robineau & Rose (DD; Djibouti; 233-238.)
   1987Frazier et al. (DD)
   1987Vine & Schmid (DD)
x  1988Fouda, M.M. (DD; 503.)
x  1989Buffrénil & Schoevaert (DD; Djibouti; pachyostosis; 2108.)
x *1989Preen et al. (DD; conservation; 1-15, 20, 22.)
x *1989aPreen, A. (DD; status & conservation; 1-13, 17-18, 30-31, 36-40, 57, 59-60, 94-115, 117-118, 121-122, 128-131, 133-134, 136-137, 176, 195-200.)
   1996Vincent, T. (DD; Hurghada; 179-183.)
   2008Diedrich, C.G. (DD)
x  2015Cole, B. (DD; Egypt; gen. acc.; 2-4.)
  *2019Nasr et al. (DD; status)
x *n.d.Bible, The (?DD.)
Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation: SEE Captivity, Sirenians in; Pathology ( 0 )
Religious, Superstitious, or Ornamental Use or Observance ( 121 )
(SEE ALSO: Economic Use; Mermaid Legend)
x  1796Stedman, J.G. (Suriname; "Watra Mama"; 178.)
x  1805Pitou, L.-A. (TMM; French Guiana; vernacular names & spiritual attributes; 2: 260.)
x  1820Raffles, T.S. (DD; Malays; considered a "royal fish", 180; tears, 181.)
x  1831Spix & Martius (Indians, Brazil; ?intercourse with manatees; 1123.)
x  1834Rüppell, E. (DD; Red Sea; rosaries made of tusks & their use as charms, 113; hide used for the Tabernacle, 99, 113.)
   1836Smyth & Lowe (Sencis Indians, Peru; constellation Scorpio identified as manatee; 229.)
x  1838Humboldt, A.v. (TMM; Orinoco R.; meat avoided, 9; ear bones used in magic, 9-10.)
   1848Squier & Davis (supposed manatee effigies among stone tobacco pipes; Mississippi Valley)
x  1857Baikie, B. (TS; lower Niger R.; bones & other ?hunting trophies; 31.)
   1866Duff, R. (TMM; Guyana)
x  1869Marcoy, P. (South America; use of manatee hide in funeral; 1: 671-672.)
   1873Semper, C.G. (Palau; dugong-atlas bracelets)
x  1875Hartt, C.F. (Indians, Brazil; area of sky near Orion identified as manatee; legend; 39.)
x  1875Marcoy, P. (South America; use of manatee hide in funeral; 2: 42.)
   1876Gill, W.W. (DD; Torres Strait)
x *1881Flower, W.H. (West Africa; manatee-catching society; 454-455.)
x  1881aNordenskiöld, A.E. (HG; Bering Is.; carving of ribs; m280.)
   1882Barber, E.A. (supposed manatee effigies among stone tobacco pipes; Mississippi Valley)
   1882Barber, E.A. (mound pipes, ?manatee effigies)
  *1883Henshaw, H.W. (supposed manatee effigies among stone tobacco pipes; Mississippi Valley)
x  1887Rovirosa, J.N. (TMM; Mexico; bones used as charms against spells; 357-358.)
x  1888Hart, H.C. (DD; Hebrews; use of hide in Tabernacle; 26-27.)
   1890Haddon, A.C. (DD; Torres Strait; scarification with dugong totems)
x  1895Thurston, E. (DD; Sri Lanka; treasure in stomach; 98-99.)
x  1901Anon. (DD; Torres Strait; 21238-21239.)
x  1906Annandale, N. (DD; Malays; tears, ritual killing; 241.)
x  1906bDexler & Freund (DD; Malays; tears; 63-64.)
   1912Rodway, J. (TMM; Guyana)
x  1913Frobenius, L. (TS; Yoruba; myths & hunting rituals; 1: 199.)
   1915Roth, W.E.
x  1916Lucas, F.A. (DD & Tabernacle, 315-316; Trichechus meat deemed to be fish by Catholics, 316.)
x  1917Fairchild, D. (DD; Malays; tears; 344.)
x  1917Rodway, J. (TMM; Guyana; 491-499.)
x  1920Schoff, W.H. (DD; Biblical references to use of hide; 10-11, 51-53, 77, 140.)
x  1922Swanton, J.R. (TML; Florida; bones in graves; 389.)
x *1923aPetit, G. (DD; Madagascar, tears, 77, myth, 78-82, ritual, 80-82; Tabernacle, 82; charms, Philippine dugong-bone society, Torres Strait, 83; Trichechus, 79, 81.)
x *1924Dandouau, A. (DD; Madagascar; hunting rituals; 152-153.)
   1927Landtman, G. (DD; New Guinea; hunting rituals)
x *1927bPetit, G. (DD; Madagascar; hunting rituals; 246-250.)
x *1928Prater, S.H. (DD; Madagascar, rites, 87; rosaries, 88; treasure in stomach, 88-89; tears, 95; myths, 96-97.)
x  1929Petit & Rochon-Duvigneaud (DD; Madagascar & Java; tears; 132.)
x  1931Meek, C.K. (TS; Nigeria; myths & taboos, 76-78; virility charm, 304.)
  *1932Haddon, A.C. (DD; Torres Strait)
x  1934Hirasaka, K. (dugong-atlas bracelets; 4222.)
x *1934Thomson, D.F. (DD; Cape York, Australia; hunting magic & ritual; 240-241, 250-255.)
x  1935Barrett, O.W. (Nicaragua; manatee-stapes charms; 218.)
   1935Strong, W.D. (TMM; Honduras; depicted on pottery)
x  1937Orico, O. (Amazonia; manatee legends; 190-191.)
x  1937Woods, F.J. (TS; Nigeria; superstitions & butchering rituals; 28.)
x  1939Wavrin, M. de (Trichechus; South America; meat thought to cause indigestion & erysipelas; 196.)
x  1944Pereira, M.N. (Urubú R., Brazil; veneration of stone in shape of manatee; 54.)
x  1946Swanton, J.R. (TML; Florida; bones ["tusks"] in graves; 250, 282.)
   1948Berndt, R.M.
x  1948Bessac & Villiers (TS; Senegal; fear of water exhaled by wounded manatee; hunting rituals; legendary origin of manatee-hunting taboo among Peulhs; 189.)
   1948Rouse, I. (TM: West Indies)
x  1951Aragon, F. (dugong-atlas bracelets; 267-268.)
x  1956Harry, R.R. (DD; East Indies; tears; m27.)
   1956Mountford, C.P.
   1958Cruls, G. (Brazil; intercourse with manatees)
x  1958Savory, B. (DD; Tabernacle, witchcraft on Socotra, 257; fishing, m258.)
x  1960Williams, J.H. (DD; Persian Gulf; thought to foretell storms; 9.)
   1963Bertram, G.C.L. (DD)
x  1963Pfeffer, P. (DD; Indonesia; tears, tusks; 150.)
   1964Berndt, R.M.
x  1964Cansdale, G. (TS; Ghana; ritual hunting; m171.)
   1964Mountford, C.P.
x  1967Feriz, H. (Brazil; clay model of manatee head; 373-374.)
x  1967aJones, S. (DD; India; meat, tears; 218.)
x  1967Pereira, M.N. (Brazil; Indian legend of origin of manatee; 467.)
x  1967Welsby, T. (DD; Moreton Bay, Queensland; taboo for women to see a dead dugong; 2: 240-241.)
   1970Wilbert, J. (TMM; Venezuela)
x  1971Almeida, A. de (DD; Timor; legends, 209, 211-212, 220; amulets & elixirs, 212.)
x  1971Kingdon, J. (DD; East Africa; origin legend, intercourse with dugongs by fishermen; 398.)
   1972Kent, J.
x  1972Lawrie, M.E. (DD; Torres Strait; folktales; 3-6, 22-28.)
x  1974Sikes, S. (TS; head & teeth as luck charms; m466.)
   1975Oakley, K.P. (fossils)
x  1976Allen et al. (DD; Sulawesi; tears as aphrodisiac; 35.)
x *1976Loveland, F.O. (TMM; Nicaragua; symbolic significance, myths, rituals; 70-81.)
x  1976Reynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; popular misconceptions; 210-214.)
x  1977Nietschmann, B. (Torres Strait; "calling" dugongs; 14.)
x  1978Marshall, A.J. (DD; Australia; Aboriginal story of dugong; 80-84.)
x  1978Taylor, D. (DD; Sumatra; tears as aphrodisiac; 205-213.)
x  1979Cascudo, L. da C. (Trichechus; Brazil & West Africa; pop. acc.; 28.)
x  1979Hoch, E. (DD apparently not venerated; United Arab Emirates, 3rd millennium B.C.; m606.)
   1979Pendergast, D.M.
   1980eHudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; myths & hunting rituals)
x  1981Chase, A. (DD; Australia; traditional use & beliefs; 112-122.)
x  1981Hendrokusumo et al. (DD; Indonesia; taboo on hunting; 10.)
x  1981Nietschmann & Nietschmann (DD; Torres Strait; hunting rituals; 61.)
x  1982Michelson, R.C. (Mexico; Olmec sculpture of manatee; 79, 83.)
x  1983Bradley et al. (TMM; hypothetical use by Olmecs; 1-82.)
   1984bAnon. (DD; tears)
x  1985McKillop, H.I. (TMM; Belize; bone used for carvings, 342-345, 348; ear bones used as charms, 345.)
x  1985Said, R.J. (Kenya; legends of origin of dugong; 34.)
x  1986Colmenero-R. & Hoz-Z. (TM; Mexico; bones used for jewelry, 1010; meat accorded religious value, m1011.)
  *1986cHudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; hunting traditions)
x *1988O'Shea et al. (TMM; Venezuela; bones kept for luck in hunting, ear bones used as amulets, 293-294; Warauno folklore, 294.)
x  1988Reeves et al. (TS; Sierra Leone; hunting beliefs; m78.)
x  1989aPreen, A. (DD; Arabian region; tusks used in sword handles, 51, 114; meat ?prohibited to Shia Muslims, 52; genitals of captured dugongs kept covered, 97, 99; ritual slaughter & acceptability to Muslims as food, 99, 115.)
x *1991Bradley, J.J. (DD; Australia; hunting rules, 94-101, 107; Dugong Dreaming sites, 102-103.)
   1992Correa-Viana & O'Shea (TMM; Venezuela)
x  1993Healy, P. (TM; Honduras; supposed manatee effigies on prehistoric pottery; 202-203.)
x  1995Smith et al. (DD; Vietnam; in whale temples; 163-164, 170.)
x  1998Grubb et al. (TS; Sierra Leone; ear bones; m138.)
x  1998Liu, Z. (DD; China; considered a "holy fish" before 1950s; m209.)
x  2000Mayor, A. ("Halitherium"; France; as ?inspiration of folklore; 145, 259, 325.)
  *2003McNiven & Feldman (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; hunting magic)
x  2003Kendall, S. (TI; Colombia; legend of manatee origin; 14-15.)
   2003Blaszkiewitz, B. (sir. representations in zoos)
   2006David et al. (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; dugong bone mounds & rituals)
  *2008McNiven & Bedingfield (DD; Torres Strait; archaeological sites; hunting rates)
  *2009Méry et al. (DD; Akab, United Arab Emirates; Neolithic ritual site)
   2010Calvimontes & Marmontel (TI; Brazil; ethnobiology)
   2010Jamieson, M.
   2012Muir & Kiszka (DD; East Africa)
  *2013McNiven, I. (DD; Australia; ritualization of middens)
   2015Nontji, A. (DD; Indonesia; "dugong princess" legends)
  *2017Moore et al. (DD; Indonesia; conservation & folklore)
  *2021Forth, G. (DD; Flores Island, East Indies; myths & superstitions)
x *n.d.Bible, The (?DD; Hebrews; use of hide in Tabernacle, etc.)
Reproduction: Reproduction: SEE Birth and Breeding ( 0 )
Respiration and Diving ( 136 )
(SEE ALSO: Locomotion)
x  1821aHome, E. (DD; hydrostasis; 269-270.)
x  1862Phillippo (Trichechus; heart adaptations; 685.)
x  1873Conklin, W.A. (Trichechus; in capt., New York; 166.)
x  1876Chapman, H.C. (TMM; 461.)
x  1878Brown, A.E. (TMM; in capt., Philadelphia; 296.)
x  1880Murie, J. (TMM; in capt., London; breathing intervals; 25.)
x  1881Crane, A. (Trichechus, in capt., Brighton, 457; effects of injury, 459.)
x  1884aStejneger, L. (HG; inability to dive; 188.)
x  1885aWoodward, H. (HG; hydrostasis; m462-463.)
x  1896Marshall, W. (role of skeletal weight in aiding submergence; m46.)
x *1899Steller, G.W. (HG; 198-199.)
x  1906Annandale, N. (DD; netted at 10-12 fathoms; 242.)
x *1906bDexler & Freund (DD; 50-55, 60.)
x  1906cDexler & Freund (DD; caudal fin; 580.)
x  1907Pick, F.K. (DD; lung adaptations; 269-271.)
x  1908bGudernatsch, J.F. (TML; in capt., New York; breathing; 229, 232.)
x *1922Golder, F.A. (HG; exposure of back above water; 238.)
x *1922Parker, G.H. (TML, 128-135; DD, m134.)
x *1923Nopcsa, F.v. (respiration, diving, & pachyostosis; 353-359.)
x  1923aPetit, G. (DD; 76-77.)
x  1924-25Vosseler, J. (TI; in capt., Hamburg; lengthening of respiratory interval with age, 221; breathing while asleep, 224.)
x  1931Sickenberg, O. (effects on endocrine function; 433-439.)
   1934Genschow, J. (closing of nasal passages)
x  1935Barrett, O.W. (TMM; Central America; diving time, 217; breathing, 218.)
x *1935aWislocki, G.B. (TML; lung adaptations; 395.)
x  1939Coates, C.W. (TI calf; in capt., New York; diving times [up to 14 min.], 145; "snapping" nostrils shut, 146.)
x  1941Irving et al. (TML; m151, m158, 166.)
x *1941Scholander & Irving (TML; 169-191.)
x  1944Pereira, M.N. (TI; opening breathing holes in floating meadows, 57; respiratory disease, 65.)
x  1945Santos, E. (TI; sliding backwards on submergence; 158.)
x  1948Mendes, A. (TI; sliding backwards on submergence; 326.)
x  1951Bourlière, F. (TML; maximum submergence 16 min.; 21.)
x *1951bMoore, J.C. (TML; teaching young to breathe, 27; diving times, 29-31; raising head in rough water, 29.)
x  1953Kretzoi, M. (hydrostatic function of pachyostosis; 276-277.)
x  1954Aragão, A. de (TI; sliding backwards on submergence; 55.)
x  1955MacMillan, L. (DD; Australia; 18.)
x  1956Moore, J.C. (TML; hydrostasis; 17-18.)
x  1958Loftin, H. (Trichechus; teaching young to breathe; pop. acc.; 256.)
x  1959Jones, S. (DD; in capt.; 199.)
x  1961Jonklaas, R. (DD; 5-6.)
x  1961Slijper, E.J. (foramen ovale & ductus arteriosus; 544, 548-549.)
x  1963Tenney & Remmers (Trichechus, DD; quantitative lung morphology; 54-55.)
x *1964aBertram & Bertram (TMM; Guyana; 116-118; vertical movement, 117-118.)
   1964Harrison & Tomlinson (DD)
x  1965aKaiser, H.E. (functional anatomy; 229.)
x  1965Lluch B., D. (TMM; in capt., Mexico; approximate diving times; 418.)
x *1966Jarman, P.J. (DD; Kenya; 84.)
x *1966aKaiser, H.E. (functional anatomy & hydrostasis; 59, 61-69.)
x  1966bKaiser, H.E. (functional anatomy; 426.)
x  1966Kinzer, J. (TS, in capt., Abidjan; breathing; 51.)
x *1967Kenny, R. (DD; 372-373.)
x  1968Van den Bergh, H. (TS, TML; longest dives; 449-451.)
x  1969Hartman, D.S. (TML; 349-350.)
x  1969Strauss, M.B. (Trichechus; m2, m5, m10.)
x  1971bDomning, D.P. (HG; inability to dive; 218-219.)
x  1971Kingdon, J. (DD; East Africa; while feeding; 395.)
x  1972Blessing, M.H. (Trichechus; myoglobin concentration; 475-479.)
   1973Kooyman, G.L.
x  1973Sonoda & Takemura (TMM, TI; average respiration times; 19.)
x  1975Pinto da Silveira, E.K. (TMM; difficulty breathing out of water due to body weight; 225.)
x  1976Allen et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; 38.)
   1976Harrison & Ridgway
x  1976White et al. (TML; oxyhemoglobin dissociation; 415-416.)
x  1977Farmer & Bonaventura (TI; hemoglobin properties; 916.)
   1977Versaggi, C.S. (bone physiology)
x *1978Anderson & Birtles (DD; Queensland; surfacing modes & diving times; 6-8, 10-11, 13, 17-19.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (hydrodamalines; use of neck, 122-123; buoyancy, 129-132, 141-143.)
x  1978Marsh et al. (DD; review of respiratory physiology; 164-165.)
x  1978McCabe et al. (DD; oxygen affinity of hemoglobin; 19-22.)
x  1979Anderson, P.K. (DD; exhalation directed forward, 117; respiratory behavior, 125-126.)
x  1979Best & Silva (TI; in capt.; respiration & heart rate; 29.)
x *1979aFarmer et al. (TI; hemoglobin & whole blood properties; 231-238.)
x *1979Hartman, D.S. (TML; Florida; deepest dive to 8 m, 38; surfacing under vegetation mats, 41; surfacing behavior & diving times, 72-82, 86, 113, 119, 128; resting, 82-84; sneezing, 92; ?bloat, 124-125.)
x  1979Tas'an et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; breathing intervals; 10, 23.)
x  1980Dekker, D. (newborn TMM; in capt., Amsterdam; 22-24.)
x  1980Domning, D.P. (TI calves; pathological floating; m544.)
x *1980Gallivan & Best (TI; metabolism & respiration; 245-253.)
x *1980Gallivan, G.J. (TI; respiratory control by carbon dioxide; 254-261.)
x  1980Kataoka & Asano (DD; in capt., Toba, Japan; range of breathing times; 270.)
x  1981aAnderson, P.K. (DD; diving times & behavior; 642-643.)
x  1981Elliott et al. (DD calf; pathological floating; 204.)
x  1981Kataoka & Asano (DD; in capt., Toba, Japan; range of breathing times; 202.)
x  1981Marsh et al. (DD; pregnant females surface & sink at steeper angles; 261, 265.)
x *1981aReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; diving times; 237, 241.)
x  1981bReynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; synchronous breathing; 440, 444.)
x  1981Santiapillai, C. (DD; Sri Lanka; dives of 15-20 min.; 4.)
x  1982bAnderson, P.K. (DD; Australia; diving times & modes of surfacing when disturbed & undisturbed, 88-89, 91, 93; relationship to feeding, lactating, etc., 97.)
x  1982Barnett & Johns (DD; Queensland; 522.)
x  1982Best, Ribeiro et al. (TI calves; pathological floating; 264.)
x  1983Irvine, A.B. (TML; metabolic rate & oxygen consumption; 317-327.)
x  1983Wall, W.P. (TM; bone density as diving adaptation; 197, 201-204.)
x  1984cAnderson, P.K. (DD; Queensland; diving times & modes of surfacing; 39-40.)
x *1984Galantsev & Mukhametov (TM; respiratory & heart rates; 201-205.)
x  1984Irvine & Scott (TML; Florida; diving times; 19, 22-24.)
x  1985Bengtson & Fitzgerald (TML; Florida; vocalizations & synchronous respiration; 817.)
x  1986aAnderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; feeding at depths of 8.5 m or more; 483.)
x  1986Gallivan & Best (TI; feeding, metabolism, & ventilation; 552-557.)
x *1986Gallivan et al. (TI; heart rates & gas exchange in diving; 415-423.)
x  1986Williams, T.R. (DD; Papua New Guinea; average diving times ca. 10 min., and body flexure extreme, when diving in 40-50 feet of water; 68.)
x  1987Bergey & Baier (TML; lung mechanical properties; 63-75.)
x  1988aMarsh, H. (DD; deepest dive to 20 m; 15.)
x  1989Anderson, P.K. (DD; dive times while foraging on macroinvertebrates; 6.)
x  1989Buffrénil & Schoevaert (hydrostasis; 2118.)
x  1990Marsh & Rathbun (DD; Queensland; breathing intervals; 92.)
x  1991Bradley, J.J. (DD; Australia; pregnant females dive quicker and at sharper angle; 96.)
x *1991Domning & de Buffrénil (hydrostasis; 331-368.)
   1993Lee Long et al. (DD; Queensland; feeding trails to 23 m deep)
x  1994Anderson, P.K. (DD; feeding in deep water; 386-387.)
x  1994Taylor, M.A. (buoyancy control in sirs.; 157, 160-161.)
x  1994Tschada, P. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; developmental changes in calf; 48-49.)
x  1995Schuhmann, H.-J. (TS; Guinea-Bissau; maximum submergence 25 min.; 403.)
   1995Domning, D.P. (DD; evolution; feeding ecology & deep diving)
   1996Lee Long et al. (DD; northeastern Australia; feeding at depths of at least 23 m)
x  1997Anderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; dive times while lekking; 441-442, 447, 449.)
x  1997De Iongh et al. (DD; Indonesia; diving times & behavior; 74-76.)
x  1999Smethurst & Nietschmann (TMM; Costa Rica; use of "blowing holes" in rivers; 269-271.)
x  2000Domning, D.P. (Eoc. sirs.; locomotor & diving adaptations; 115-119.)
x  2000Rommel & Reynolds (TML; diaphragm & buoyancy control; 50-51.)
   2000Williams et al.
x  2001Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; newborn with partly-uninflated lung & oblique posture in water; 427.)
x  2001Taylor, G. (DD; Australia; bloat; 41.)
   2002aWhiting, S.D. (DD; Northern Territory, Australia; dive times)
x  2002Ames et al. (TML; dodecanoic acid in fat ?useful for buoyancy; m632-633.)
  *2002Kipps et al. (TML; skin density & buoyancy)
   2003Rommel et al.
x  2003Falcón et al. (TMM; intestinal impaction, respiratory distress, & lack of buoyancy control; 7-9.)
   2004Chilvers et al. (DD; diving behavior)
   2009Mortola & Seguin (end-tidal CO2)
   2009Houssaye, A. (review of "pachyostosis")
   2011Wirsing et al. (DD; feeding and diving mode in presence of tiger sharks)
   2011Hagihara et al. (DD; analysis of shallow-dive recordings)
   2012Castellini, M. (diving physiology; sirs. comp. w/other species)
   2012Wong et al. (TML, TMM; respiration rate, blood chemistry)
   2013Kikuchi et al. (TI; in capt., Brazil; acceleration data loggers)
   2014Hagihara et al. (DD; Australia; aerial surveys; correction factors for surfacing times)
   2016Edwards et al. (TML; Florida; diving & risk of boat collisions)
Respiratory System ( 41 )
x *1820bHome, E. (DD; 319, pl. 29.)
x  1820Raffles, T.S. (DD; 178.)
x  1834Rüppell, E. (DD; diaphragm, lungs, trachea; 106.)
x *1838aOwen, R. (DD; 36-39.)
x  1847Bischoff, T.L.W. (DD; hyoid; 3-6, pl. 1.)
x  1851Gosse & Hill (TMM; nostrils; 342-343.)
x  1857Rapp, W.v. (TML; larynx, trachea, lungs; 89-92, pl. 3.)
x *1872aMurie, J. (TMM; 178-180.)
x  1876Chapman, H.C. (TMM; 457, 461.)
x  1886Waldeyer, W. (Trichechus; pharynx; 245-246, 248.)
   1887Leche, W.
x  1897Beddard, F.E. (TI; pleurisy; 47.)
   1898Müller, O.
x *1899Steller, G.W. (HG; 193-194.)
   1905Oppel, A.
x *1906bDexler & Freund (Trichechus, 54; DD, 54, 60.)
x *1907Pick, F.K. (DD; lung anatomy & histology; 245-272.)
x  1931Sickenberg, O. (adaptations of thorax & lungs; 438-439.)
  *1934Genschow, J. (nasal passages)
x *1935aWislocki, G.B. (TML; 385-396, 2 pls.)
   1940Bélanger, L.F.
x  1949Negus, V. E. (DD, Trichechus; larynx; 77.)
x  1953Quiring & Harlan (TM; diaphragm, trachea, lungs; 194, 202.)
x  1959aEngel, S. (DD; lung anatomy & histology; 102-104, 106, 111-114.)
x *1959bEngel, S. (DD; lung anatomy & histology; 90-100.)
x *1962Engel, S. (DD; lung air-passages; 95-107.)
x  1963Tenney & Remmers (Trichechus, DD; quantitative lung morphology; 54-55.)
x  1965bKaiser, H.E. (horizontal diaphragm & body-cavity nomenclature; 425-428.)
x *1966aKaiser, H.E. (horizontal diaphragm & body-cavity nomenclature; 59, 61-69.)
x  1976Allen et al. (DD; larynx, trachea, diaphragm, lungs; 41, 46.)
x  1976Boever et al. (TI; lung abscesses; 928.)
x  1978aDomning, D.P. (TI; functional anatomy of nostrils; 57.)
x  1980Irvine et al. (TM; lung lesions; 4-5.)
x  1981Odell et al. (TML; lung weights; 54-58.)
x  1985Mackay-Sim et al. (TM; serial sections of nasal cavity; 188-189.)
x *1987Bergey & Baier (TML; lung mechanical properties; 63-75.)
x  1991Domning & de Buffrénil (position & structure of lungs & diaphragm; role in hydrostasis; 332-334, 350-357, 359.)
   1992Dong et al. (DD; China; larynx, trachea, lungs)
x *2000Rommel & Reynolds (TML; diaphragm; 41-51.)
   2011Grossman et al. (TML; modeling respiratory tract)
   2012Buchholtz et al. (differentiation of cervical vertebrae & muscularization of diaphragm)
Reviews of Published Material ( 1 )
x  1981Purse, B. (of film on hunting of Australian dugongs; 199-200.)
Rhyt-: Rhyt-: SEE ALSO Ryt- ( 0 )
Rhytine Burmeister, 1837 ( 2 )
x *1837Burmeister, H. (n.gen.; in classification; 793.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 75.)
Rhytine stelleri (Retzius, 1794) Burmeister, 1837 ( 2 )
x *1837Burmeister, H. (n.comb.; in classification; 793.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 75, 93.)
Rhytinea Brandt, 1846 ( 2 )
  *1846cBrandt, J.F.
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)
Rhytinida Haeckel, 1866 ( 1 )
  *1866Haeckel, E.
Ri (marine animal of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea) ( 12 )
x *1982Wagner, R. (not a dugong; 33-39.)
x  1983Mead, J.G. (not a porpoise, possibly a dugong; 161-162.)
x  1983Sibert, J.R. (probably a marine mammal; 159-161.)
x *1983Wagner et al. (not a dugong; 113-125.)
x  1985Beckjord, J.-E. (probably a dugong; 154-155.)
x  1985Greenwell, J.R. (not a dugong; 151-154.)
x  1985Sibert, J.R. (possibly a dugong; 144-145.)
x  1985Wagner, R. (not a dugong; 149-151, 156.)
x *1986Williams, T.R. (definitely a dugong; 61-68.)
x  1987Greenwell, J.R. (history of study; 140-144.)
x  1988Sehm, G.G. (not a dugong; 145-149.)
x  1988Williams, T.R. (definitely a dugong; 149-151.)
Ribodon Ameghino, 1883 ( 16 )
x *1883Ameghino, F. (n.gen.; 112-113.)
x  1886Ameghino, F. (diagnosis; 147.)
   1891Ameghino, F.
   1893Ameghino, F.
x  1941Kretzoi, M. (in classification; 154-155.)
x *1953Pascual, R. (review; 163-181, 2 pls.)
x  1974Savage, J.M. (significance for manatee zoogeography; 20.)
x  1978cDomning, D.P. (phyletic position; m575, 579.)
x *1982bDomning, D.P. (?Plioc., North Carolina; 604.)
x  1982Kleinschmidt, A. (m378-379.)
x  1983aDomning, D.P. (pop. acc.; 10-11.)
x  1986Domning & Hayek (in cladistic analysis of trichechids; 132-133.)
x  1986Frailey, C.D. (?Ribodon; ?Late Mioc., Peru-Brazil; 5, 34-35.)
   2004Linares, O.J. (?Ribodon; Late Mioc.; Urumaco, Venezuela)
x  2011Gomes R. et al. (horizontal tooth replacement; m4.)
   2021Souza et al. (evolutionary history)
Ribodon limbatus Ameghino, 1883 ( 13 )
x *1883Ameghino, F. ("R. limbato", n.gen.n.sp.; 112-113.)
x  1885Ameghino, F. (Argentina; 100-105.)
x  1886Ameghino, F. (Argentina; 147-151.)
x  1932aSimpson, G.G. ("R. limbato"; m422.)
x *1953Pascual, R. (review; 163-181, 2 pls.)
x  1967bPaula Couto, C. de (comp. w/ Sirenotherium; 346-348, 350, 355-356.)
   1976Reinhart, R.H. (review; 279-280.)
x *1982bDomning, D.P. (new material & phyletic position; 602-604, 606, 609, 611-613, 616.)
x  1986Frailey, C.D. (comp. w/ ?Ribodon from Peru-Brazil; 34.)
x  1996Cozzuol, M.A. (review; 328.)
x  1997aDomning, D.P. (comp. w/ Potamosiren magdalenensis; 385, 388-390.)
   2000Cione et al. (Late Mioc., Argentina)
x  2004Williams & Domning (m167.)
Ribodon magdalenensis (Reinhart, 1951) Marshall, Hoffstetter, & Pascual, 1983 ( 2 )
  *1983Marshall et al. (n.comb.)
x  1997aDomning, D.P. (syn. of Potamosiren magdalenensis; 384.)
Romania ( 16 )
   1871Pávay, E.
   1886Koch, A.
   1894Koch, A.
x  1931Simionescu, I. (Manatus maeoticus; Mioc., Balcic; 146, 155.)
   1934bSickenberg, O.
   1944Tulogdy, J.
   1959Fuchs, H.
   1967Grigorescu, D. (cf. Halitherium; Eoc.)
x  1970Fuchs, H. (?Halitherium sp.; Eoc., Cluj; 1185.)
   1971Fuchs, H.
x  1973Fuchs, H. (indeterminate sir.; Late Eoc., Cluj; 71.)
   1975Fuchs, H.
   1978Macarovici, N.
   1984Nicorici & Popovici
   1988Fuchs, H.
   1990Fuchs, H.
Rosmarus indicus Boddaert, 1785 ( 1 )
  *1785Boddaert, P. (n.sp.)
Russia ( 8 )
(SEE ALSO: Arctic Region; Bering Sea; Bessarabia; Sakhalin)
x  1875Rogovich, A. S. (Halicore maximovitschii, nomen nudum; Cetacea; Ukraine; 37.)
   1950Gromova, V.I.
 D*1957Pronina, I.G. (Kronokotherium brevimaxillare, n.gen.n.sp.; Kamchatka)
   1977Malukovich, V. (HG; Kamchatka; supposed sighting in 1976)
 D 1985Sinel'nikova et al. (Desmostylus; Kamchatka)
  *1999Gibson, J.R. (HG; role in Russian expansion)
x  2006Averianov & Yarkov (enigmatic tooth from Eoc. of Volgograd Province)
  *2021Averianov & Zvonok (indet. sir.; Middle Eoc., Crimea)
Rytina borealis (Gmelin, 1788) Illiger, 1815 ( 16 )
   1802Tilesius, W.G.
  *1815Illiger, C. (n.comb.; 64, 75.)
  *1836Cuvier, F.
x  1837Richardson, J. (m162.)
x  1846bBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; parasites; 189-192.)
x  1847Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; new material, comp. w/ Recent sirs.; 46-48.)
x  1859Baird, W. ("Rhytina"; nematode Ascaris; 148-149.)
   1866bBrandt, J.F.
x  1867aBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; distr. & extermination; 445-451.)
x  1873Lütken, C.F. ("Rhytina"; parasites & skin fragment; 270-274, pl. 2.)
x  1878Anon. ("Rhytina"; 9 skulls at St. Petersburg; m321.)
x  1878Brown, A.E. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 298.)
x  1893Schweder, G. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 52-55.)
x  1934Hatt, R.T. ("Rhytina"; m535.)
x  1951Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; m292.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93, 163.)
Rytina cetacea Illiger, 1815 ( 2 )
  *1815Illiger, C. (n.sp.; nomen nudum)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93.)
Rytina gigas (Zimmermann, 1780) Gray, 1850 ( 40 )
  *1850Gray, J.E. (n.comb.)
x  1876Southwell, T. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. stelleri; 76.)
x *1883Stejneger, L. (collection of specimens, 59, 61-62; sexual variation, 78-83; date of extermination, 83-84; distr., 84; specimens at Irkutsk destroyed, 84; vernacular name, 85; tail shape & sketches, 85-86.)
x *1884aStejneger, L. (invalidity of post-1768 sighting reports; 181-189.)
x  1884bStejneger, L. (collection of 12 skulls & other bones; 107-108.)
x *1884bTrue, F.W. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 128-136.)
x *1885aWoodward, H. ("Rhytina"; skeleton; 457-470.)
x *1886Stejneger, L. (invalidity of post-1768 sighting reports; 317-328.)
x  1887Flot, L. ("Rhytina"; m137.)
x *1887Stejneger, L. (invalidity of post-1768 sighting reports; statistics on extermination; 1047-1054.)
   1887Roux, W. (Rhytina gigas; borings in bone)
x  1889Clark, J.W. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc., 340-342; skeleton at Harvard, 342.)
  *1891Büchner, E.
x  1891Lucas, F.A. (extermination & collection of specimens; 623-627, pl. 99.)
x  1893Evermann, B.W. (collecting of skeletons for U.S. National Museum; 59.)
x  1893Schweder, G. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 52-55.)
x  1893Stejneger, L. (material in various museums; 81.)
x  1901Elliott, D.G. ("Rhytina"; m5.)
x  1902Allen, J.A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Manati gigas; 22.)
x  1904aLorenz, L.v. ("Rhytina"; pelvis; 7-9, pl. 1.)
x  1905Toldt, C. ("Rhytina"; angular process of mandible; m337.)
x  1922Evermann, B.W. (extermination; 15-16.)
x  1923Sowerby, A. de C. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 135-137.)
x  1925Steller, G.W. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m139.)
x  1931Read, B.E. ("Rhytina"; ?econ. use in China; 16.)
x  1935Sowerby, A. de C. ("Rhytina"; ?econ. use in China; 82.)
x  1937Murie, O.J. ("Rhytina"; ?in Eskimo tradition, St. Lawrence Is.; 345.)
x  1950Mohr, E. ("Rhytina"; skin fragment, Hamburg; 181-185.)
x *1951Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; reconstruction of skeleton & body; 292-314.)
x *1965Robineau, D. ("Rhytina"; ear ossicles; 412-424.)
   1966Friedrich, H. (skin fragments, Bremen)
   1966Friedrich, H. ("Rhytina"; supposed skin fragments, Bremen)
   1967Rothausen, K.
x *1969Robineau, D. ("Rhytina"; temporal & ear region; 3, 20-31.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93.)
x *1982Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; specimens in museums, 367-370; body proportions, 375; reconstruction, 383-387, 393-394, 406-409; bone density, 388-389; pelvis, 390-392; skull, 392-403.)
x  1983Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; specimens in museums; 763.)
x  1991Frey, R. ("Rhytina"; lumbar vertebrae; m279.)
x  2000Maio & Picariello ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m14.)
x *2008Turner, L.M. (Attu; behavior, hunting; 106-107.)
Rytina Illiger, 1811 ( 60 )
   1758Müller, G.F.
   1790Beniowski, M.A.v.
x *1811Illiger, C. (n.gen.; in classification; 141.)
x  1824Harlan, R. (m390.)
x  1825aHarlan, R. (m278.)
x  1827Berthold, A.A. (first use of emended spelling "Rhytina"; in classification; 62.)
x  1828Billberg, G.J. (?syn. of Haligyna; tab. A, 33.)
   1829Lesson, R.-P.
x  1835bDuvernoy, G.L. (in classification; tab. 4.)
   1838bBaer, K.E.v.
x *1840Baer, K.E.v. (distr. & extinction; 53-80.)
x  1846aBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; discusses his study of masticating pads; 92-94.)
x  1861Strauss-Durckheim, H. (Hudson's Bay; 514.)
x  1863aBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; distr. & extermination; 558-564.)
x  1864Dana, J.D. (in classification; m169.)
x  1866aBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; extermination; 279-282.)
x  1867cBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; brain, comp. w/ DD & Trichechus; 269-270.)
x  1872aGill, T. ("Rhytina"; in classification; 92.)
x  1873Gill, T. ("Rhytina"; phylogeny; m272.)
x  1874Flower, W.H. ("Rhytina"; m5.)
x  1875aOwen, R. ("Rhytina"; brain proportions; 102, m105.)
x  1875bOwen, R. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Prorastomus; 559-560, 563, 566.)
x  1875Wilder, B.G. ("Rhytina"; m111.)
x  1883aCope, E.D. ("Rhytina"; m54.)
x  1884Gaudry, A. ("Rhytine"; comp. w/ Halitherium Chouqueti; 375.)
x *1885bNordenskiöld, A.E. ("Rhytina"; defense of post-1768 sighting reports, 280-284; distribution of specimens to museums, 284-285.)
x  1889bDollo, L. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Miosiren; 416, 418-419, 421.)
x  1889Lefèvre, T. ("Rhytina"; descent from Crassitherium of Belgian Olig., m198, m200.)
x  1891Flower & Lydekker (anatomy; 213, 221-222.)
   1892Hutchinson, H.N.
x  1893Holder, C.F. ("Rhytina"; skeleton at California Academy of Science; 236.)
x  1895Palmer, T.S. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 449.)
x  1899Palmer, T.S. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis; m494.)
x  1901Elliott, D.G. ("Rhytinas"; m5.)
x  1904Freund, L. ("Rhytina"; manus, comp. w/ DD; m368, 394.)
x  1904aLorenz, L.v. ("Rhytina"; pelvis; 1-2, 7-9, pl. 1.)
xv 1906bDexler & Freund ("rhytina"; m59, m68, m70.)
x  1912Issel, A. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Felsinotherium subappeninum; m121.)
x  1914aFreund, L. ("Rhytina"; scapula, comp. w/ DD embryo; m375.)
xD 1915Hay, O.P. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Desmostylus; m386.)
x  1916Lucas, F.A. (pop. acc.; 316-317.)
x  1916aMatthew, W.D. ("Rhytina"; m27.)
x  1923Nopcsa, F.v. ("Rhytina"; pachyostosis; m357.)
x  1924Thomas et al. ("Rhytina"; name preferred to Hydrodamalis; 347.)
x  1925ICZN (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 34, 38-40.)
x  1926Sverdrup, H.U. ("Rhytina"; Cape Chaplin, Siberia, ca. 1911-1913; 205.)
x  1926Sanielevici, H. ("Rhytina"; diet & mastication; 251, 254.)
x  1927Pfizenmayer, E.W. ("Rhytina"; m494.)
   1930aSimpson, G.G.
x  1930Sverdrup, H.U. ("Rhitina"; Cape Chaplin, Siberia, ca. 1910; 248.)
   1933Bahrdt, H.J.
x  1942aKaltenmark, J. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 56-57, 61, 63.)
x  1945Simpson, G.G. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; in classification; 136.)
x  1954bFriant, M. ("Rhytina"; brain; 129, 134-135.)
   1957Pronina, I.G.
x  1968Rice & Scheffer ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis; 12.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 13, 74-75.)
x  1981cDomning, D.P. (synonymy with Hydrodamalis; 130.)
x  1982Domning, Rice et al. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; m305.)
x  1982Kleinschmidt, A. (syn. of Rhytina; 383.)
Rytina stelleri (Retzius, 1794) Desmarest, 1819 ( 63 )
  *1819Desmarest, A.G. (n.comb.)
   1820Ranzani, C.
   1833Brandt, J.F.
   1845aBrandt, J.F.
   1845bBrandt, J.F.
x  1846bBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; parasites; 189-192.)
  *1846cBrandt, J.F.
x  1847Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; new material, comp. w/ Recent sirs.; 46-48.)
x  1848Gistel, J. (in classification; 83.)
x  1851Diesing, C.M. (nematode Ascaris; 190, 502.)
x  1859Baird, W. (nematode Ascaris; 148-149.)
x  1861Möbius, K. (masticating pads, comp. w/ TM; 152-153.)
x  1861Van Beneden, P.J. ("Rythina"; m461.)
x  1862aVan Beneden, P.J. ("Rhytina"; skeletons in Helsinki & Russia; 340-341.)
   1862cBrandt, J.F.
   1862dBrandt, J.F.
x  1862Goebel, A. ("Rhytina"; analysis of bone; 188-193.)
   1862aNordmann, A.v.
   1862bNordmann, A.v.
   1866aBrandt, J.F.
x  1867aBrandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. borealis; m445.)
   1867bBrandt, J.F.
x *1867Claudius, M. ("Rhytina"; ear region; 1, 6-14, pls. 1-2.)
  *1868aBrandt, J.F.
   1868Claudius, M.
x  1872aMurie, J. ("Rhytina"; anatomy, comp. w/ TMM; 131, 135, 137, 154, 165, 167, 169-171, 173, 190-191.)
x  1875Anon. (pop. acc.; 295.)
x  1875aOwen, R. ("Rhytina"; m104.)
x  1876Southwell, T. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 57, 76-77.)
x  1878Brown, A.E. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 298.)
x  1879Yarnall, E.H. ("Rhytina"; Nordenskiöld's collection; m793.)
x  1880Delfortrie, E. (comp. w/ Rytiodus; 136-137.)
x *1881aNordenskiöld, A.E. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc. & history of hunting, 272-276; post-1768 sighting reports, 276-278; collection of bones, 278, 280; food, m292.)
   1882Anon.
x  1883Anon. ("Rhytina"; Stejneger's collection of 11 skulls; m93.)
x  1883Dybowski, B. ("Rhytina"; sexual variation in skulls; 72-73.)
x  1883Stejneger, L. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; m78.)
x *1884Doran, A.H.G. ("Rhytina"; ear ossicles; 366-370.)
x  1884bStejneger, L. (collection of 12 skulls & other bones; 107-108.)
x *1885aWoodward, H. ("Rhytina"; skeleton; 457, 459, 470.)
x  1891Flower & Lydekker ("Rhytina"; m214, 221-222.)
x  1894Dawson, G.M. ("Rhytina"; history; 154-160.)
x  1899Stiles & Hassall ("Rhytina"; parasites; 149, 151, 171.)
x  1914Depéret, C. (comp. w/ Felsinotherium; 1859, 1861.)
x  1925Steller, G.W. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m139.)
x  1928Prater, S.H. ("Rhytina"; m86.)
x  1929Birulia, A.A. (pelvis; 87-90.)
x  1931Sickenberg, O. ("Rhytina"; pachyostosis & osteosclerosis, 410-411, 415; loss of teeth, 429.)
x  1934Anon. ("Rhytina"; supposed carcass found, British Columbia; 1011.)
x  1942aKaltenmark, J. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 56-57.)
x  1943Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytina"; phylogeny; 20-21, 24.)
x  1951Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; m292.)
x  1957bCarrington, R. ("Rhytina"; m38.)
x *1963Berzin et al. ("Rhytina"; possible recent sighting; 73-75.)
   1964Kaźmierczak, T.
x  1969Chelnokov, F.G. ("Rhytina"; new material, Bering Is.; 71-73.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93.)
   1981Mattioli, S.
x  1981Sprent, J.F.A. ("Rhytina"; m319.)
x  1982Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; 383.)
x  1983Rich, V. ("Rhytina"; Bering Is.; discovery of skeleton; 415.)
x  1984aDomning, D.P. (comment on V. Rich [1983]; 500.)
x  2000Maio & Picariello ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m14.)
Rytinadae Gray, 1843 ( 3 )
  *1843Gray, J.E. (n.fam.)
x  1945Simpson, G.G. (included in Dugongidae; in classification; 135.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)
Rytineae Brandt, 1833 ( 2 )
  *1833Brandt, J.F. (new tribe)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)
Rytinidae Girard, 1852 ( 6 )
  *1852Girard, C. (n.fam.)
x  1872aGill, T. ("Rhytinidae"; in classification; 91-92.)
x  1872bGill, T. (m301.)
x  1873Gill, T. (phylogeny; 273.)
x  1895Palmer, T.S. (syn. of Hydrodamalidae; 449-450.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)
Rytiodinae Abel, 1914 ( 5 )
  *1914Abel, O. (new subfamily)
x  1945Simpson, G.G. (in classification; 135.)
   1960Kaiser, H.E.
x  1989cDomning, D.P. (syn. of Rytiodontinae; 417.)
   1998Rice, D.W. (explanation of transliteration; 151-152.)
Rytiodontinae Abel, 1914 ( 4 )
x *1941Kretzoi, M. (emendation of Rytiodinae Abel; in classification; 155.)
x  1989cDomning, D.P. (considered "correct original spelling" of name; 417.)
  *1994bDomning, D.P. (included within Dugonginae)
   1998Rice, D.W. (explanation of transliteration; 151-152.)
Rytiodus capgrandi Lartet, 1866 ( 21 )
x *1866Lartet, E. (n.gen.n.sp.; 673-686, pl. 13.)
   1873Delfortrie, E. (Early Mioc., France)
x *1880Delfortrie, E. (skull; 131-144, pls. 5-8.)
x  1885aWoodward, H. ("Rhytiodus"; m470.)
x  1925Kellogg, R. (comp. w/ Metaxytherium jordani; 60.)
x  1931Sickenberg, O. ("Rhytiodus"; pachyostosis & osteosclerosis; 409.)
x  1942bKaltenmark, J. ("Rhytiodus"; m104-105.)
x  1943Heuvelmans, B. ("Rhytiodus"; m13.)
x  1943Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytiodus"; m23.)
   1944Abel, O.
x  1966Kellogg, R. (comp. w/ Hemicaulodon, 78; w/ Dioplotherium, 91-92.)
x  1978cDomning, D.P. (m577.)
  *1987Pilleri, G.
x  1990bDomning, D.P. (comp. w/ Corystosiren varguezi; 362, 367-369.)
x  1991Toledo & Domning (comp. w/ cf. Rytiodus from Brazil; 122, 133.)
x  1997Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 224, 226-227.)
x  1997bDomning, D.P. (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 398, 409.)
   2002Rocher, P. (France)
x  2008Rocher, P. (Aquitanian, France: pl. 13.)
x  2014Londeix, L. (tusk; with teeth & atlas of an indet. sir.; Mioc. (Aquitanian stratotype), France: 252-253.)
x *2015Rocher et al. (France; rediscovery of lost skull; 13-18.)
Rytiodus heali Domning and Sorbi, 2011 ( 3 )
 v 1968Selley, R.C. ("Sirenian gen. nov."; Mioc., Jebel Zelten, Libya)
  *2011Domning & Sorbi (n.sp.; Early Mioc., Jabal Zaltan, Libya)
  *2019Samonds et al. (Mioc., Madagascar)
Rytiodus Lartet, 1866 ( 26 )
x *1866Lartet, E. (n.gen.; 673-686, pl. 13.)
  *1872Delfortrie, E. ("Rhytiodus")
x  1875Delfortrie, E. ("Rythiodus"; France; cviii.)
x  1875aOwen, R. (m104.)
x  1875bOwen, R. (comp. w/ Prorastomus; m565.)
x  1878Benoist, . ("Rhytiodus"; France; lxxxiii.)
x *1880Delfortrie, E. (skull; 131-144, pls. 5-8.)
x  1884Gaudry, A. ("Rhytiodus"; comp. w/ Halitherium Chouqueti; 375.)
x  1887Flot, L. (review; 137-138.)
x  1891Flower & Lydekker (anatomy; 223-224.)
x  1906Abel, O. ("Rhytiodus"; dentition; 51-52.)
x  1914Depéret, C. ("Rhytiodus"; m1859.)
x  1926Sanielevici, H. ("Rhytiodus"; diet & tooth morphology; 254.)
x  1932aSimpson, G.G. (comp. w/ other sirs.; 423-424, 451, 480-481, 495, 499.)
x  1941Kretzoi, M. (in classification; 154-155.)
x  1945Simpson, G.G. (in classification; 135, 251.)
xv 1975Savage, R.J.G. ("flat-tusked dugongid"; Libya; m824.)
x  1978bDomning, D.P. (comp. w/ Dioplotherium & Dusisiren; 11-12, 14, 73.)
x  1978cDomning, D.P. (phyletic position & occurrence in Africa; 574, 577, 579.)
x  1982Kleinschmidt, A. (m378-380.)
x  1989cDomning, D.P. (comp. w/ Dioplotherium; 417, 424-426.)
x  1989dDomning, D.P. (comp. w/ Xenosiren yucateca; 434-436.)
x  1991Toledo & Domning (cf. Rytiodus; Early Mioc., Brazil; 121-122, 130-137, 141-145.)
x  1996Cozzuol, M.A. (South America; review; m326.)
x  1997cDomning, D.P. (biostratigraphic utility; m179.)
   1998Rice, D.W. (explanation of transliteration; 151-152.)