I

Immunology ( 15 )
x	1897	Anon. (Trichechus; in capt., England; 36.)
x	1977	Marsh et al. (DD; stomach & duodenum histology; 291-292.)
x	1985	Lowenstein, J.M. (immunology & phylogeny; 543-544.)
x	1996c	Anon. (TML; study of effects of red tide toxins; pop. acc.; 11.)
x	1998	Bossart et al. (TML; immunohistochemistry of brevetoxicosis; 277-281.)
	2002	Bradley & Reynolds (TML; interleukin 2)
	2005	Sweat et al. (TML; surface interleukin-2 receptor expression; blood mononuclear cells)
	2008	Tripp et al. (TM; serum immunoassay)
	2008	Halvorsen & Keith (TML; immunosuppression cascade)
	2012	Sulzner et al. (TMM; Belize)
	2018	Wong et al. (DD; Australia; polyclonal anti-dugong immunoglobulin G antibody)
	2018	Borges et al. (TI; diagnosis, Cryptosporidium, Giardia)
	2018	Ferrante et al. (TML)
	2018	Breaux et al. (TML)
	2019	Mendonça et al. (TMM; immunoglobulins)

India ( 87 )
(SEE ALSO: Indian Ocean)
		1830-35	Gray, J.E. (DD)
x		1833	Robison, J. (DD; preserved specimen; 100-101.)
		1840	Grant, C.W.
		1867	Jerdon, T.C. (DD)
		1872	Wynne, A.B.
		1876	Blanford, W.T.
		1891	Blanford, W.T. (DD)
x		1895	Phipson, H.M. (DD; Gulf of Cutch; 490.)
x		1895	Thurston, E. (DD; m98-99.)
x		1905	Linstow, O.v. (DD; nematode Ascaris halicoris; m258.)
x	*	1906	Annandale, N. (DD; Gulf of Mannar; 238-243.)
		1927	Raj, S.
x		1928	Prater, S.H. (DD; 85-86.)
x		1929	Prater, S.H. (DD; Gulf of Mannar; 987.)
		1942	Moses, S.T.
x		1959	Jones, S. (DD; in capt.; 198-202.)
x		1960	Mani, S.B. (DD; Saurashtra coast; 216-217.)
x	*	1961	Jonklaas, R. (DD; 1-8.)
x		1961	Santapau & Abdulali (DD; Bombay; erroneous report corrected; 796.)
x	*	1961	Silas, E.G. (DD; Saurashtra coast; 263-266.)
x		1963	Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD; Gulf of Cutch; 152.)
		1964	Silas, E.G.
x	*	1966	Thomas, D. (DD; Rameswaram; natural history, hunting; 80-82.)
x	*	1967a	Jones, S. (DD; status; 215-220.)
x		1971	Sharma & Gupta (DD; trematode Paracochleotrema indicum; 285.)
x		1973	Bertram & Bertram (DD; distr.; 308.)
x	*	1974	James, P.S.B.R. (DD; osteological variation; 173-184.)
	*	1975	Sahni & Mishra
x		1976	Whitaker, Z. (DD; hunting, econ. use; 6.)
x		1977a	Anon. (DD; Tamil Nadu; meat sold; 439.)
x		1977	Nair & Lal Mohan (DD; in capt.; sound recordings; 277.)
x		1977	Savage & Tewari (Metaxytherium, Mioc.; indeterminate sir., Eoc.; Kutch; 216-218.)
x		1977	Tewari et al. ("Metaxytherium sp."; Late Olig., Kutch; 45A-49A.)
		1977?	Hussainy, H.S.H. (DD)
		1978	Bhaskar, S. (DD; Gulf of Kutch)
x		1978	Satsangi & Trivedy (Halitherium sp., Late Olig.; 571-576.)
		1979	Sahni, A. (Eoc.)
	*	1980	Jones, S.
x		1980	Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD; Gulf of Mannar & Palk Bay; seasonal occurrence, sex ratio; 391-397.)
x	*	1980	Sahni & Kumar (Ishatherium subathuensis, n.gen.n.sp.; Early Eoc., Simla Hills; 132-135.)
		1980	Sahni & Mitra
x		1980	Sahni et al. (supposed sir. [Ishatherium]; Early Eoc., Simla Hills; 270-271.)
x		1981	Jones, S. (DD; distr. & status; 45-52.)
x		1981	Sprent, J.F.A. (DD; nematode Paradujardinia; 309.)
		1983	Jones, S.
		1983	Neumayer, E. (DD; depicted in rock paintings)
		1986	Bhaskar, S. (DD)
x	*	1987	Bajpai et al. (Metaxytherium kachchhense, n.sp.; Early Mioc.; 20-25.)
		1988	James, P.S.B.R. (DD; conservation)
		1988	Silas & Fernando (DD)
		1989	Krishna Pillai et al. (DD; Gulf of Mannar)
		1990	Venkateswarlu, T. (DD)
x		1990	Rao & Khan (DD; Andaman Islands; status; 33.)
x		1991	Basu et al. (Eoc.-Mioc., Kachchh; 9-10.)
x	*	1991	Frazier & Mundkur (DD; Gulf of Kutch; anatomy, status; 368-379.)
		1991	Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD)
		1993b	Lal Mohan, R. S. (DD; status)
x		1993a	Anon. (DD; Palk Bay & Gulf of Mannar; conservation; 42.)
x		1993	Gingerich et al. ("Protosiren" of Sahni & Mishra, 1975, referred to Cetacea; 410-411.)
		1993a	Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD)
		1993	Das & Basu
x		1994	Das & Basu ("Eotheroides waghapadarensis" (Eoc.) and "Kotadasiren gracillis" (Olig.-Mioc.); Kutch; 5.)
	*	1996	Das, H.S. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar islands)
x	*	1997	Bajpai & Domning (Bharatisiren kachchhensis, n.gen. n.comb.; Early Mioc.; & other sirs.; 219, 221, 226-227.)
		1998	Dhandapani & Alfred
		1998	Khacher, L. (DD; Gulf of Kachchh)
		1998	Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD; mortality)
		1999	Ramakrishna et al. (DD; West Bengal)
x		2002	Kumaran, P. (DD; review & critique of past studies; m1210-1220.)
		2003	Singh, H.S. (DD; Gulf of Kutch)
		2004	Badrudeen et al. (DD)
	*	2006	Bajpai et al. (Eoc. & Olig.; Kutch)
		2008	Jayasankar et al. (DD; PCR-based sex determination)
		2008	Ilangakoon et al. (DD; Gulf of Mannar)
		2009	D'Souza & Patankar (DD; Andaman Islands)
	*	2009	Bajpai et al. (Ashokia antiqua, n.gen.n.sp.; Middle Eoc.; Kutch)
	*	2009	Thewissen & Bajpai (Domningia sodhae, n.gen.n.sp.; Early Mioc., Kutch)
	*	2010	Pandey, C. N.; Tatu, K. S.; Anand, Y. A. (DD; status)
	*	2010	Bajpai et al. (Kutchisiren cylindrica, n.gen.n.sp.; Early Mioc., Kutch)
		2011	D'Souza & Patankar (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands; conservation)
		2012	Vivekanandan & Jeyabaskaran (DD)
		2012	Vélez-Juarbe et al. (multispecies fossil sir. community)
	*	2012a	Hines, E. (DD; distribution, status, & conservation)
		2013	Sivakumar, K. (DD; conservation)
x		2015	Malakar et al. (DD; Andaman Islands; 7176-7179.)
x		2017	Chatterjee et al. (brief summ. of Eoc. sir. record; 92.)
		2020	Singh, L. A. K. (DD; Maharashtra)

Indian Ocean ( 41 )
(SEE ALSO: Africa; Asia; Australia; East Indies; India; Madagascar; Red Sea; Sri Lanka)
		1902	Miller, G.S. (Andaman Islands)
x		1906	Annandale, N. (DD; Andaman Islands; m241.)
x		1929	Prater, S.H. (DD; Andaman Islands; 987.)
x		1933b	Mortensen, T. (DD; Rodriguez; Leguat's account; 23-26.)
x		1934b	Mortensen, T. (DD; Rodriguez; Leguat's account; 71-72, 76.)
x		1940	Pocock, R.I. (DD; Indian Ocean & adjacent areas; geographic variation in skeleton; 329-345.)
x		1960	Williams, J.H. (DD; Persian Gulf & North Andaman Is.; 9-12.)
		1970	Snow, D.W. (DD)
x	*	1972	Stoddart, D.R. (DD; former distr., western Indian Ocean; 205-215.)
x		1973	Bertram & Bertram (DD; distr.; 307-308.)
		1973	Gruchet, H. (DD; Mozambique Channel)
x		1977	Savage & Tewari (fossil sirs.; 216-218.)
x		1977	Tewari et al. (review of fossil sir. records; 47A.)
x		1978	Abdulali, H. (DD; Great Nicobar Is.; 749.)
x		1979	Nishiwaki et al. (DD; distr.; 133-141.)
x		1981	Jones, S. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands; 46.)
x		1981	Sprent, J.F.A. (DD; India & Comoro Islands; nematode Paradujardinia halicoris; 309-310.)
		1984	Hanneberg, P. (DD; Seychelles)
		1984b	Nishiwaki, M. (DD)
		1988	James, D.B. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands)
		1990	Rao, G.C. (DD; Andaman Is.)
		1992	Bhaskar & Rao (DD; Nicobar Is.)
x		1993	Staub, F. (DD; extinct in Mauritius; 10-11, 48-49.)
x		1994	Marsh & Lefebvre (DD; distr. & status; 161, 163-164.)
		1995	Domning, D.P. (DD; evolution; possible dispersal from Atlantic via Cape of Good Hope)
x		1998	Mukerjee, M. (DD; Andaman Is.; pop. acc.; 20-21.)
x		1999	Das & Dey (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Is.; 195-198.)
x		1999	Louette, M. (DD; Mayotte, Comoro Is.; 58.)
x		2002	Moutou, F. (DD; some Indian Ocean records; m50.)
		2005	Jiwa, H. (DD)
		2007	Kiszka et al. (DD; Mayotte)
		2007	Hobbs et al. (DD; Cocos (Keeling) Islands)
		2007	Kiszka, J.J. (DD; Mayotte, Comoro Islands; associations with dolphins)
		2011	Hodgson, A.J. (DD; Aldabra, Seychelles, Comoros; migrations & movements; 250-251.)
		2011	Singh & Kar (melissopalynological studies on mangrove honeys; Bangladesh & Andaman Islands)
		2012	Raghunathan et al. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands)
		2012	Hamylton et al. (DD; Aldabra Atoll)
		2013	Pusineri et al. (DD; Mayotte)
		2013	D'Souza et al. (DD; Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago; occupancy trends)
		2017	Nganvongpanit et al. (DD; Andaman Sea & Gulf of Thailand)
	*	2019	Plön et al. (DD; phylogeography)

Individual Variation ( 33 )
(SEE ALSO: Skeleton)
x			1809a	Cuvier, G. (Trichechus; fetus, nails; 284.)
x			1820b	Home, E. (DD; jejunum; 318.)
x		*	1838a	Owen, R. (DD; viscera, m29-31, 34, m37; skeleton, 40; teeth, 43; measurements, 44-45.)
x			1883	Dybowski, B. (HG; skull; sexual dimorphism; 73.)
x		*	1883	Stejneger, L. (HG; skull; 79-83.)
x			1887b	Baur, G. (supernumerary phalanges; 840.)
x			1904	Freund, L. (DD; manus; 365-394.)
x			1914a	Freund, L. (DD; sternum, pelvis; 367-373.)
x			1928	Prater, S.H. (DD; manus; 95.)
			1933	Bahrdt, H.J.
x		*	1934	Hatt, R.T. (TI, TM, TS; skeleton; 539-554, 561.)
	D		1940	Ijiri, S.
x			1940	Pocock, R.I. (DD; tusks, 331-339; skull, 340-342; scapula, 341, 343-345.)
x			1957	Gohar, H.A.F. (DD; Red Sea; tail fluke; 10.)
x			1966	Kellogg, R. (hydrodamalines; nasals; m73.)
x			1969	Robineau, D. (DD; temporal & ear region; 6.)
x		*	1974	James, P.S.B.R. (DD; India; skeleton; 173-184.)
x		*	1974	Spain & Heinsohn (DD; Queensland; skull allometry; 249-257.)
x		*	1975	Spain & Heinsohn (DD; Queensland; body allometry; 159-168.)
x		*	1976	Spain et al. (DD; Queensland; skull; 491-497.)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (HG; supposed sexual dimorphism; 99-100.)
x			1981a	Spain & Marsh (DD; Queensland; skull; geographic variation, sexual dimorphism; 143-161.)
x		*	1986	Domning & Hayek (TI, TM, TS; 87-144.)
x			1989a	Preen, A. (DD; skulls; 54-55, 70-71.)
x			1991a	Domning, D.P. (DD; pelvic bones; sexual & ontogenetic variation; 311-316.)
x			1992	Roth, V.L. (TI; tooth size, comp. w/ elephants; 194-195, 197.)
			1995	Furusawa, H. (HG; Bering Is.)
x			1997b	Domning, D.P. (Crenatosiren olseni; 400-410.)
	D		2000	Uno, H. (Desmostylus hesperus; variation in deciduous teeth; 153-158.)
			2003	Nowacek et al. (TM; vocalizations)
			2007	Adulyanukosol et al. (DD; Thailand; variation in reproductive behavior)
			2011	Voss, M. (Halitherium schinzii; Early Olig., Münsterland, Germany)
			2012	Zalmout & Gingerich (Eoc. sirs.; sexual dimorphism in pelvic bones)

Indosiren javanensis von Koenigswald, 1952 ( 4 )
x	*	1952	Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (n.gen.n.sp.; Mioc., Java; 610-612.)
		1976	Reinhart, R.H. (review; 267-269.)
x		1997	Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ I. koenigswaldi; m226-227.)
x		2006	Pledge, N.S. ("I. javanense"; m297.)

Indosiren koenigswaldi Sahni and Mishra, 1975 ( 3 )
	*	1975	Sahni & Mishra (n.sp.)
x		1987	Bajpai et al. (comp. w/ Metaxytherium kachchhense; 22-23.)
x		1997	Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ Bharatisiren kachchhensis; 226-227.)

Indosiren von Koenigswald, 1952 ( 3 )
x	*	1952	Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (n.gen.; Mioc., Java; 610-612.)
x		1977	Savage & Tewari (considered "sirenian indeterminate"; 217.)
x		1977	Tewari et al. (considered "sirenian indet."; 47A.)

Insect Control ( 1 )
x			1967	MacLaren, J.P. (Trichechus; Panama; mosquito control; 388-393.)

Integument ( 43 )
x	*	1872a	Murie, J. (TMM; skin, hair, fat; 131-134.)
		1872b	Murie, J. (HG; skin)
x	*	1873	Lütken, C.F. (supposed HG skin fragment actually cetacean; 273-274.)
x	*	1899	Steller, G.W. (HG; skin, hair, fat; 183-185, 188, 197, 200.)
x		1906	Annandale, N. (DD; skin, hair, fat; 239.)
x		1906c	Dexler & Freund (DD; skin, 569; hair, 570-571.)
		1915	Dosch, F.
x		1924-25	Vosseler, J. (TI; length & spacing of body hairs, 172-173; horny epidermal fringe on tail, 213-215, pl. 6; shedding of epidermal cells, color & texture of epidermis, 215-217.)
x	*	1925	Steller, G.W. (HG; skin, hair, fat; 230, 233-234.)
		1929	Matthes, E. (skin thickness)
x		1950	Mohr, E. (HG; skin fragment at Hamburg; 181-185.)
		1957a	Haffner, K.v. (HG)
x	*	1957	Gohar, H.A.F. (DD; skin color & structure, 7-11; hair, 8, 10, 12-15, 18, 20, 22-23.)
		1957a	Haffner, K.v. (HG)
x		1962	Sarkar & Mitra (DD; hide, hair; 93-94, 1 pl.)
		1963	Bertram, G.C.L. (skin)
		1966	Friedrich, H. (HG; supposed skin fragments, Bremen)
		1968	Banfield, E.J. (DD; contraction of hide prevents bleeding from bullet wounds)
		1974	Ling, J.K.
x		1975	Spain & Heinsohn (DD; skin thickness; 162-163, 165, 167.)
		1977	Ling, J.K. (vibrissae)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (HG; 130-132, 141-142.)
x		1980	Denton et al. (DD; depigmented skin; 215.)
x		1981	Kamiya & Yamasaki (DD; sinus hair; 193-197.)
		1982	Sokolov, V.E. (DD, TI; skin)
x		1986	Domning & Hayek (TI, TM, TS; skin texture & color, 90-92; nails, 91-92.)
		1986	Sokolov, Chernova et al. (TMM)
x		1987	Elias et al. (TM; lipids in epidermis; 161-177.)
		1988	Vorontsov, N.N. (hairlessness)
x	*	1991	Frazier & Mundkur (DD; thickness, weight, hair density, flipper callosities; 372-373.)
x		1992	Kadel, J. (TML; Florida; "white" individual; 15-16.)
x		1995b	Anderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; color variation, 207, 210; scars, 207-210; ?sunburn, 210.)
x		1998	Marshall, Clark, & Reep (TML; facial bristles & skin; 296-298.)
x	*	1998	Reep et al. (TML; facial bristles & hairs; 257-273.)
x		1999	Bachteler & Dehnhardt (TMM; facial bristles & hairs; 61-69.)
x		2001	Reep et al. (TML; facial bristles & hairs; 1-14.)
	*	2002	Kipps et al. (TML; skin density & buoyancy)
x	*	2002	Reep et al. (TML; postcranial tactile hairs; 141-154.)
		2003	Leistra et al.
x	*	2004	Ortiz & Worthy (TM; body fat & cold susceptibility of calves; 176-183.)
		2011	Silva et al. (TI; in capt., Brazil; skin lesions)
	*	2019	Plön et al. (HG; genetic analysis of Bremen skin sample)
	*	2022	Le Duc et al. (HG; genetics, thermoregulation, population biology)

Interspecific Interactions: Interspecific Interactions: SEE Community Ecology; Food; Food Plants; Natural Enemies; Parasites; Parasitology ( 0 )

Ischyrotherium antiquum Leidy, 1856 ( 3 )
x	*	1856a	Leidy, J. ("Ischyrotherium antiquus", n.gen.n.sp.; Nebraska; 89.)
x		1869	Leidy, J. (considered a reptile; 414.)
		1882	Lepsius, G.R. (mistakenly considered syn. of Prorastomus; 185.)

Ischyrotherium Leidy, 1856 ( 1 )
x		*	1856a	Leidy, J. (n.gen.; Nebraska; 89.)

Ishatherium Sahni and Kumar, 1980 ( 3 )
x	*	1980	Sahni & Kumar (n.gen.; Early Eoc., India; 132-135.)
x		1982	Sereno, P.C. (m8.)
x		1983	Sahni et al. (pelvis, comp. w/ Protosiren; 81.)

Ishatherium subathuense Sahni and Kumar, 1980 ( 6 )
x	*	1980	Sahni & Kumar ("I. subathuensis"; n.gen.n.sp.; Early Eoc., India; 132-135.)
x		1982	Domning, Morgan & Ray ("I. subathuensis"; sir. affinities considered doubtful; 5, 55, 61.)
x		1986	Domning et al. ("I. subathuensis"; ?syn. of Anthracobune sp.; m44.)
x		1987	Bajpai et al. ("I. subathuensis"; m21.)
x	*	1991	Kumar, K. ("I. subathuensis"; considered sir. & Ypresian in age; 234-237.)
x		2003	Zalmout et al. ("Ischatherium"; considered possibly a sir.; 85.)

Italosiren bellunensis (de Zigno, 1875) Voss, Sorbi, and Domning, 2017 ( 1 )
		*	2017	Voss et al. (n.comb.)

Italosiren Voss, Sorbi, and Domning, 2017 ( 1 )
		*	2017	Voss et al. (n.gen.)

Italy ( 72 )
		1827	Catullo, T.A.
	*	1839	Bruno, G.D.
	*	1872	Capellini, G.
		1873a	Zigno, A. de
	*	1875a	Zigno, A. de
		1875b	Zigno, A. de
		1876	Lawley, R. (Felsinotherium)
		1877	Capellini, G.
x		1877	Lawley, R. (Felsinotherium Forestii; Volterra; 341-342.)
		1878	Capellini, G.
x		1878a	Zigno, A. de (review of fossil sirs. of Italy; 66-70.)
	*	1878b	Zigno, A. de
		1878c	Zigno, A. de
		1882	Zigno, A. de
x		1886b	Neviani, A. (indeterminate sirs.; Calabria; Middle Mioc.; 7-9.)
	*	1886a	Capellini, G. (Metaxytherium lovisati, n.sp.; Sardinia)
		1886b	Capellini, G. (Sardinia)
		1886a	Neviani, A.
x		1886	Portis, A. (Felsinotherium spp.; Plioc., Piemonte; 356-360.)
		1887	Gaudry, A.
x		1888	Neviani, A. (Metaxytherium; Mioc., Catanzaro; 68-69.)
x		1892	Lydekker, R. ("Prorastoma veronense"; 77-78.)
		1902	Lovisato, D. (Sardinia, Mioc.)
x		1902	Lovisato, D. ("Felsinotherium cfr. Gastaldii"; Sardinia; 5.)
x		1912	Issel, A. (Felsinotherium subapenninum; Plioc., Genova; 119.)
		1924	Campana, D. del (Mioc., Catanzaro)
x		1927	Hopwood, A.T. (Metaxytherium; Sicily; 18-19.)
	*	1934b	Sickenberg, O.
		1957	Comaschi Caria, I. (Mioc., Sardinia)
x		1966	Piccoli, G. (Prototherium cf. veronense; Late Eoc., Priabonian stratotype; 349-350.)
		1969	Bartolomei, G. (Prototherium; Eoc., Vicenza)
		1973	Mastrorilli, V.I. (Halitherium; Olig., Savona)
x		1974	Fondi & Pacini (Metaxytherium forestii; Plioc., Siena; 37, 48.)
x		1977	Bizzarini et al. (Prototherium veronense; Late Eoc., Possagno; 1-15.)
		1980	Altichieri, L.
		1980	Azzaroli, A. (Plioc.)
		1981	Borgia et al.
x		1982	Azzaroli et al. (Felsinotherium gervaisi; Plioc., Val di Pugna; 56, 58.)
x	*	1983	Bizzotto, B. (Prototherium intermedium, n.sp.; Late Eoc., Possagno; 95-99.)
		1983	Carboni & Kotsakis (Mioc., Sardinia)
		1985	Cigala-Fulgosi & Pilleri
x		1986b	Pilleri, G. (indeterminate sir.; Mioc., Pietra Leccese; 21-22, pl. 11.)
x		1987	Canocchi, D. (Metaxytherium gervaisi; Early Plioc., Siena; 497-513.)
x		1987	Domning & Thomas (Metaxytherium forestii; Plioc.; 208, 220-221.)
	*	1987	Moncharmont Zei & Moncharmont (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc.)
		1988	Vazzana, A. (Metaxytherium medium; Calabria; Mioc.)
		1988	Vazzana, A.
		1989	Pilleri & Cigala-Fulgosi
x		1997a	Carone, G. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 2-10.)
x		1997b	Carone, G. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 91-100.)
x		2000	Bagnato et al. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 4-10.)
		2001	Bianucci et al. (Val di Pugna; Plioc.)
		2001	Bianucci et al. (Early Plioc., Val di Pugna)
x		2001	Carone, G. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 34, 36.)
x		2003	Bianucci & Landini (M. medium; Late Mioc., Tuscany; 567-573.)
		2003	Bianucci et al. (Metaxytherium; Late Mioc., Apulia; 59-63.)
		2005	Bizzotto, B. (Prototherium spp.; Eoc.)
		2005	Bianucci & Landini (sir. fossil sites; Province of Pisa)
		2007	Sorbi & Vaiani (Metaxytherium cf. subapenninum; Early Plioc.; Tuscany)
	*	2007	Carone & Domning (Metaxytherium serresii; Late Mioc., Calabria; paleoecology)
		2008	Gramigna et al. (Metaxytherium serresii; Cessaniti, Calabria)
		2011	Guido et al. (Metaxytherium serresii; Late Mioc., Cessaniti, Calabria; micromorphology, geochemistry, & diagenesis of ribs)
		2011	Boschele et al. (Dugongidae indet.; Late Eoc., Early Olig., East Trentino Province)
	*	2012	Sorbi et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum; Plioc.)
		2012	Tinelli et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum; Plioc.; ground-penetrating radar)
		2013	Carone & Marra (Metaxytherium serresii; Mioc., Calabria)
	*	2013	Carone et al. (Metaxytherium serresii; Late Mioc., Calabria)
x	*	2017	Marra et al. (Metaxytherium serresii & M. medium, Upper Mioc.; Calabria; 381, 386-388, 390.)
x		2018	Dominici et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum, Plioc., taphonomy, 7-8, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24.)
x		2019	Bianucci et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum; lower Pliocene; 2, 6-8.)
	*	2020	Carone & Rizzo (Metaxytherium cf. krahuletzi; Sardinia; early Mioc.)
		2022	Pandolfi et al. (Metaxytherium cf. subapenninum; tusk; Late Mioc.; Montebamboli)