Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 
C
| California ( 55 ) | ||||
| x | D | v | 1877 | Yates, L.G. (Desmostylus; Alameda Co.; first published description; 77-79.) |
| x | D | * | 1888 | Marsh, O.C. (Desmostylus hesperus, n.gen.n.sp.; Alameda Co.; 94-96.) |
| x | D | 1902a | Osborn, H.F. (finds of Desmostylus; 713-714.) | |
| x | D | 1906 | Merriam, J.C. (Desmostylus; Mioc.; 151-152.) | |
| D | 1911 | Anderson, F.M. | ||
| x | D | * | 1911 | Merriam, J.C. (Desmostylus; 404-406.) |
| x | D | 1922 | Hannibal, H. (Desmostylus; Mioc.; 238-240, pl. 12.) | |
| x | D | 1925 | Hanna, G.D. (Desmostylus; Sharktooth Hill, Kern Co.; m72.) | |
| x | * | 1925 | Kellogg, R. (Metaxytherium jordani, n.sp.; Mioc., Santa Barbara Co.; 59-60.) | |
| x | D | 1926 | Anon. (Desmostylus; Sharktooth Hill, Kern Co.; 12.) | |
| x | D | 1930 | Hanna, G.D. (Desmostylus; Sharktooth Hill, Kern Co.; m70.) | |
| x | D | 1933 | Hanna, G.D. (Desmostylus; Monterey Bay; 291.) | |
| D | * | 1937 | VanderHoof, V.L. (Desmostylus) | |
| x | D | 1940 | Camp, C.L. (Marsh's acquisition of type tooth of Desmostylus; 645.) | |
| D | 1940 | Woodring et al. (Desmostylus hesperus; Mioc., Kings Co.; 124.) | ||
| x | 1941a | VanderHoof, V.L. (Metaxytherium cf. petersi; Mioc., Santa Cruz Co.; 1984-1985.) | ||
| x | D | 1949b | Anon. (indeterminate desmostylian; near Coalinga; 313.) | |
| x | D | 1953 | Langston, W., Jr. (supposed Desmostylus [actually a cetacean]; San Pablo Reservoir; 8.) | |
| x | D | 1963 | Camp, C.L. (Desmostylus; discovery & type locality; 387-389.) | |
| x | D | * | 1963 | Mitchell & Repenning (sirs. & desmostylians; chronologic & geographic range; 3-16.) |
| x | D | 1963 | Mitchell, E.D., Jr. (Paleoparadoxia; San Clemente Is.; 192-193, 198-199.) | |
| x | D | 1964 | Mitchell & Lipps (Paleoparadoxia; San Clemente Is.; 214-215.) | |
| x | D | 1965a | Anon. (Paleoparadoxia; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Santa Clara Co.; pop. acc.; 49, 53.) | |
| x | 1965 | Long, A. (HG; Pleist., Monterey Bay; carbon-14 date; 254.) | ||
| x | D | 1965 | Mitchell & Lipps (Paleoparadoxia; San Clemente Is.; 4-6.) | |
| x | D | * | 1965 | Mitchell, E.D., Jr. (Desmostylus; Sharktooth Hill, Kern Co.; iii, 3, 7, 21, 26-29, 36.) |
| D | 1967 | Addicott, W.O. | ||
| x | * | 1967 | Jones, R.E. (HG; Pleist., Monterey Bay; 143.) | |
| x | 1969 | Rensberger, J.M. (indeterminate sir.; Mioc., Alameda Co.; 1-2.) | ||
| x | D | 1970 | Zuidema, H.P. (Paleoparadoxia; pop. acc.; 20-22.) | |
| x | D | 1972 | Barnes, L.G. (sirs. & desmostylians in Mioc. stratigraphy; 126, 140-142.) | |
| x | D | 1972a | Domning, D.P. (sirs. & desmostylians in Mioc. stratigraphy; 146-149.) | |
| x | 1974 | Addicott & Greene (HG; Monterey Bay; zoogeographic significance; 251-252.) | ||
| x | D | 1976 | Phillips et al. (Desmostylus, Paleoparadoxia; Point Arena, Mendocino Co.; 137, 152.) | |
| x | D | * | 1978b | Domning, D.P. (sirs. & desmostylians; Mioc.-Plioc.; 101-110, 140, 143, 147, 149-162.) |
| D | 1978 | Squires & Fritsche | ||
| x | D | 1978 | Susuki & Stadum (?Paleoparadoxia tabatai; San Clemente Is.; 5, 21.) | |
| 1979 | Clark et al. | |||
| x | 1981 | Barnes et al. (Hydrodamalis cuestae; Oceanside, San Diego Co.; 56-57, 62-63.) | ||
| 1981 | Deméré, T.A. | |||
| x | 1984 | Domning & Deméré (Hydrodamalis cuestae; San Diego Co.; 169-188.) | ||
| x | D | 1984 | Raschke, R.E. (Desmostylus, Paleoparadoxia, Dioplotherium allisoni; Middle Mioc.; 62, 64.) | |
| x | D | 1990 | Repenning & Packard (Paleoparadoxia; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Santa Clara Co.; 199.) | |
| x | D | * | 1991 | Clark, J.M. (Paleoparadoxia weltoni, n.sp.; Early Mioc., Point Arena, Mendocino Co.; 494-495.) |
| x | 1992 | Jefferson et al. (Hydrodamalis sp.; Late Pleist., San Luis Obispo Co.; 29.) | ||
| x | 1993 | Deméré, T.A. (indet. sir.; Late Mioc.-Early Plioc., Imperial Co.; 84.) | ||
| * | 1994 | Aranda-Manteca et al. (Metaxytherium arctodites, n.sp.; Middle Mioc., Orange Co.) | ||
| 1994 | Pierson & Kendall | |||
| x | D | 2003 | Clementz et al. (Desmostylus; Mioc.; 510-511.) | |
| 2008 | Corbett et al. (HG; kelp diet & stable isotope composition of bone) | |||
| 2008 | Barnes, L.G. (Hydrodamalis cuestae; type locality; 142.) | |||
| D | * | 2013 | Barnes, L.G. (Neoparadoxia cecilialina, n.gen.n.sp.; Late Mioc., Orange Co.) | |
| 2014 | Boessenecker et al. (Purisima Fm.; Santa Cruz County; Late Mioc.; taphonomy) | |||
| D | 2016 | Santos et al. (Desmostylus; Middle Mioc.; ontogeny & senescence) | ||
| x | 2019 | Powell et al. (Sonoma County; Late Mioc.; indeterminate rib fragments of a hydrodamaline sirenian; 3, 11, 44, Pl. 12.) | ||
| Callistosiren boriquensis Vélez-Juarbe & Domning, 2015 ( 1 ) | ||||
| * | 2015 | Vélez-Juarbe & Domning (n.gen.n.sp.; Late Olig., Puerto Rico) | ||
| Callistosiren Vélez-Juarbe & Domning, 2015 ( 1 ) | ||||
| * | 2015 | Vélez-Juarbe & Domning (n.gen.; Late Olig., Puerto Rico) | ||
| Canada ( 15 ) | ||||
| x | 1782 | Duhamel du Monceau, H.L. (?Trichechus; St. Lawrence R.; 59.) | ||
| 1790 | Meares, J. (HG? on coast of western Canada?) | |||
| 1807 | Jewitt, J. R. (HG? Nootka Sound, Canada?) | |||
| x | 1861 | Strauss-Durckheim, H. (?HG; Hudson's Bay; 513-514.) | ||
| x | D | 1917 | Kermode, F. ("Desmostylus hesperus" [= Cornwallius]; British Columbia; 42-43, pl. 9.) | |
| x | D | * | 1922 | Cornwall, I.E. (Desmostylus sookensis, n.sp.; Late Olig., British Columbia; 121-123.) |
| x | 1934 | Anon. (supposed HG; carcass found in British Columbia; 1011.) | ||
| x | D | 1935 | LaMotte, R.S. (Desmostylus sookensis; 51-52.) | |
| x | D | 1963 | Mitchell & Repenning (desmostylians; British Columbia; 10-11, 15.) | |
| 1973 | Jeletzky, J.A. | |||
| x | D | 1993 | McAnally, L.M. (Cornwallius sookensis; British Columbia; discovery & theft of type material; 8-9.) | |
| x | D | 1996 | McAnally, L.M. (Cornwallius sookensis; British Columbia; discovery & theft of type material; 205-207.) | |
| D | 19?? | Cox, R.L. | ||
| 2006a | Beatty, B.L. (Cornwallius sookensis; Late Oligocene, Vancouver Is.; new material) | |||
| D | * | 2015 | Beatty & Cockburn (Behemotops cf. proteus, Olig., Vancouver Is., British Columbia) | |
| Captivity, Sirenians in ( 365 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Hunting and Capture; Weed Control) | ||||
| 1792 | SEE Aragon, F., 1951. | |||
| x | 1847 | Edwards, W.H. (TI; Par & New York; 188.) | ||
| x | 1848 | Schomburgk, R. (?TI; Rio Branco, ?Brazil; 786.) | ||
| x | 1851 | Gosse, P.H. (TM; Hispaniola; 347-348.) | ||
| 1864 | Latimer, G. | |||
| 1866 | Sclater, P.L. | |||
| x | 1869 | Brinton, D.G. (TML; Jacksonville, Florida & Savannah, Georgia; m51.) | ||
| x | 1871 | Cunningham, R.C. (Trichechus; Rio de Janeiro; 798.) | ||
| x | 1872a | Murie, J. (TMM; Puerto Rico, 191-192; Suriname, 192-193.) | ||
| x | 1873 | Conklin, W.A. (Trichechus; New York; 166.) | ||
| x | 1874b | Anon. (TML; Savannah, Georgia; 446.) | ||
| x | * | 1875 | Anon. (TMM; England; 295.) | |
| 1875 | Blanchere, H. de la (Trichechus; New York) | |||
| x | 1876 | Chapman, H.C. (TMM from Guyana; Philadelphia; 459-462.) | ||
| x | 1876 | Southwell, T. (Trichechus; London, 56, 58-59; Rio de Janeiro, 58.) | ||
| 1877 | Garrod, A.H. | |||
| x | 1878 | Brown & Lidstone (TI; Manaus; 395-396.) | ||
| x | * | 1878 | Brown, A.E. (TMM from Orinoco R.; Philadelphia; 294-297.) | |
| x | 1878 | Harting, J.E. (TM; England; 285-287.) | ||
| 1879 | Francis, F. (TMM; Brighton Aquarium) | |||
| 1879 | Murie, J. (TMM; Westminster Aquarium; cause of death) | |||
| x | 1880 | Murie, J. (TMM; British Guiana & London; 21-26.) | ||
| x | * | 1881 | Crane, A. (Trichechus; Brighton; 456-460.) | |
| x | 1881 | Flower, W.H. (Trichechus; Brighton; 456.) | ||
| 1887 | Kappler, A. (TMM; Suriname) | |||
| x | 1889 | Anon. (TMM from Guyana; London; 527-528.) | ||
| x | 1889 | Scammon, C.M. (TML; Key West; 581-582.) | ||
| x | 1889 | Zipperlen, A. (TML; Cincinnati; morphology; 25-26.) | ||
| x | 1891 | Flower & Lydekker (Trichechus; Brighton; m216, 218.) | ||
| x | 1891 | Leidy, J. (Trichechus; Philadelphia; parasite Amphistomum fabaceum; 413-414.) | ||
| x | 1893 | Anon. (Trichechus ; England; 799-800.) | ||
| x | 1893 | Goeldi, E.A. (Trichechus from Brazil; died en route to London; 120-121.) | ||
| x | 1895 | Yerbury & Thomas (DD; Aden; m555.) | ||
| x | 1896 | Sclater, P.L. (TI, TM; London; 212.) | ||
| x | * | 1897 | Anon. (Trichechus; England; 36.) | |
| x | 1897 | Beddard, F.E. (TI; London; 47-48.) | ||
| x | 1898 | Kirke, H. (TMM from Guyana; London; 134-135.) | ||
| 1899 | Langkavel, B. | |||
| x | 1904 | Goeldi & Hagmann (TI; Brazil; m89.) | ||
| x | 1905 | Townsend, C.H. (TM; New York; 91, 94, 97.) | ||
| x | * | 1907 | Freund, L. (history of manatees in capt.; 65-72.) | |
| x | 1907 | Townsend, C.H. (TML; New York; 86.) | ||
| x | 1908b | Anon. (TML; New York; 427.) | ||
| x | 1908b | Gudernatsch, J.F. (TM; New York; 225-235.) | ||
| x | * | 1908 | Hanitsch, R. (DD; Singapore, in 1895; 13.) | |
| x | 1909 | Graham, S.C. (TML; Indian River, Florida; 413.) | ||
| x | 1915 | Anon. (TMM from Puerto Rico; New York; 1216-1217.) | ||
| x | 1916a | Anon. (TI; New York; 1419, 1421.) | ||
| * | 1916 | Board Agric. Br. Guiana (TMM; Guyana) | ||
| x | 1917 | Fairchild, D. (Trichechus; 342, 344.) | ||
| x | 1919 | Anon. (TI; New York; 46.) | ||
| x | 1919 | Stiles, C.W. (TML; Wilmington, North Carolina; m658.) | ||
| x | 1922 | Parker, G.H. (TML; Miami; 128-135.) | ||
| x | 1923 | Anon. (TS; Niger R.; 75.) | ||
| x | * | 1924-25 | Vosseler, J. (history of manatees in capt., 58-63; TI, capture & transport, 63-67; in Hamburg, 113-133, 167-180, 213-227; compatibility with other animal species, 227.) | |
| x | 1926 | Derscheid, J.M. (TS; Antwerp, 23-25; Congo, by natives, 30.) | ||
| x | 1928 | Prater, S.H. (DD; Red Sea; 84.) | ||
| x | 1930 | Vosseler, J. (TI; Hamburg; 362-364.) | ||
| x | 1931 | Brimley, H.H. (TML; North Carolina; 320-321.) | ||
| x | 1931 | Travassos & Vogelsang (TM; Hamburg; parasite Cochleotrema cochleotrema; 145.) | ||
| 1932 | Khalil & Vogelsang (TM; Hamburg) | |||
| x | 1937 | Barbour, T. (TML; Miami; birth; 106-107.) | ||
| x | 1938 | Devillers, C. (TI; France; measurements, behavior; 84-88.) | ||
| x | 1938 | Oldham et al. (TI; Chicago; m27.) | ||
| x | * | 1939 | Coates, C.W. (TI; New York; 141-148.) | |
| x | 1940 | Coates, C.W. (TI; Manaus & New York; 99-100.) | ||
| x | 1941a | Gunter, G. (TM from Texas; Texas & New Orleans; 61-62.) | ||
| x | 1941 | Scholander & Irving (TML; diving experiments; 170-191.) | ||
| x | 1944 | Pereira, M.N. (TI; Belém, Recife, & Manaus, Brazil; 58.) | ||
| x | 1947 | Harwood, K. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 50, 89.) | ||
| x | 1948 | Bessac & Villiers (TS; Dakar, Senegal; 189.) | ||
| x | 1951 | Aragon, F. (DD; Philippines, in 1792; 265-266.) | ||
| x | 1951a | Moore, J.C. (TML; Bradenton, Florida; 14.) | ||
| x | 1951b | Moore, J.C. (TML; Florida; kept in pens for food, 23; births, 26-28; behavior, 29-32; food, 33-34.) | ||
| x | 1952 | Anon. (TML; Florida; 129-130.) | ||
| x | 1952 | Dekeyser, P.L. (TS; Senegal; 243.) | ||
| x | 1953 | Gijzen, A. (TS; Antwerp; 89.) | ||
| x | 1954 | Anon. (TS; Antwerp; 78.) | ||
| x | 1954b | Friant, M. (TI; Vincennes, France; m129.) | ||
| x | 1954 | Gunter, G. (TM; Florida, 1880; 545.) | ||
| x | 1954 | Lawrence, J.E. (TML; Florida; 403.) | ||
| x | 1955a | Anon. (DD from Palau; San Francisco; 79.) | ||
| x | 1955b | Anon. (DD from Palau; San Francisco; 73-74.) | ||
| x | 1955 | Severin, K. (TML; Florida; 147-149.) | ||
| x | 1956a | Anon. (DD from Palau; San Francisco; 49.) | ||
| x | * | 1956 | Harry, R.R. (DD from Palau; San Francisco; 21-27.) | |
| x | 1956 | Simpson, D.A. (DD; San Francisco; pop. acc.; 54, 57, 74.) | ||
| x | 1957 | Bayer & Harry-Rofen (DD; Palau & San Francisco; 502, pl. 20.) | ||
| x | * | 1957 | Moore, J.C. (TML; Florida; birth; 137-138.) | |
| x | 1958 | Anon. (DD; Kenya; 693, 792.) | ||
| x | 1958 | Gijzen, A. (TS; Antwerp; 26.) | ||
| x | 1958 | Savory, B. (TML; London; m257.) | ||
| 1958 | Steinbacher, G. (TML; Florida) | |||
| x | 1959 | Jones, S. (DD; India; 198-202.) | ||
| 1959 | Ulmer, F.A., Jr. (Philadelphia) | |||
| x | 1960 | Jonklaas, R. (DD; Sri Lanka; 304.) | ||
| x | 1960 | Mani, S.B. (DD; India; m217.) | ||
| x | 1961 | Jonklaas, R. (DD; India & Sri Lanka; 1-8.) | ||
| x | 1961 | Moore, J.C. (DD; East Africa; photos; 54-55.) | ||
| x | 1961 | Silas, E.G. (DD; India; 264-265.) | ||
| x | 1962 | Tranngocloi, N. (DD; Vietnam; 451.) | ||
| 1963 | Anon. | |||
| x | 1963 | Hofmeister, M. (?TMM from Guyana; Toledo, Ohio; 12.) | ||
| x | 1964a | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; Guyana; 116, 119.) | ||
| 1964 | Crandall, L.S. | |||
| x | 1964 | Humes, A.G. (TML; Miami; parasite Harpacticus pulex; 517-518, 528.) | ||
| 1964 | Phillips, C. (TML; Miami; pop. acc.) | |||
| 1965 | Lukaszewicz, K. | |||
| x | 1965 | Schevill & Watkins (TML; Miami; m373.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Kinzer, J. (TS; Abidjan, Ivory Coast; 47-52.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Thomas, D. (DD; India; 81.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Aung, S.H. (DD; Rangoon; 221.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Browder, J. (TML; Florida; weed-control experiments; 4.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Fiuza Lima, F. (TI; Brazil; captive breeding proposed; 17-18.) | ||
| 1967 | Gleiss, G.W. | |||
| x | 1967a | Jones, S. (DD; New Caledonia, 216; India, 217-219.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Kenny, R. (DD; Australia; 372-373.) | ||
| x | 1967 | MacLaren, J.P. (TMM, TI; Panama; weed control; 388-393.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Oke, V.R. (DD; Cairns, Australia; 220-221.) | ||
| x | 1968b | Anon. (TI; San Francisco; 2-3.) | ||
| x | 1968 | Betz, J.J. (TML; Florida, in 1892, 205, 207-209; Chicago, in 1893, 207.) | ||
| 1968 | Garibaldi, L. (TI; San Francisco) | |||
| x | 1968 | Gewalt, W. (TML; Germany; 123-125.) | ||
| x | 1968 | Van den Bergh, H. (TS; Antwerp; m449.) | ||
| x | 1969 | Allsopp, W.H.L. (TS; Abidjan, Ivory Coast; 351.) | ||
| 1969 | Dempster & Shipman (use of copper sulfate in tanks) | |||
| x | * | 1969 | Frye & Herald (TI, San Francisco, osteomyelitis, 1073-1076; DD, San Francisco, 1076.) | |
| x | * | 1969 | Herald, E.S. (DD, Trichechus; San Francisco, Pittsburgh, etc.; 29-30.) | |
| x | 1969 | Jacobi, E.F. (plan of manatee facility at Amsterdam Zoo; 64-65.) | ||
| 1970b | Eichler & Albrecht | |||
| x | 1970 | Evans & Herald (TI; San Francisco; vocalizations; 820-823.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Loughman et al. (TI; San Francisco; chromosomes; m151.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Radhakrishnan & Bradley (TML; Tampa, Florida; parasites Chiorchis fabaceus & Plicatolabia hagenbecki; 59.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Schreider & Schreider (TI; Leticia, Colombia; 142.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Yin, T. (DD; Burma; 326.) | ||
| x | 1971 | Jones, M.L. (DD, TI, TM, TS; longevity; 85.) | ||
| 1972 | Bartmann, W. | |||
| x | 1972 | Blessing et al. ("Trichechus manatus inunguis"; Duisburg, Germany; 167-168.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Blessing, M.H. ("Trichechus manatus inunguis"; Duisburg, Germany; m475.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Boorer, M.K. (TM; London; swimming clockwise; m165.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Caldwell & Caldwell (TML; play, 450; food, 454.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Coimbra-Filho, A.F. (Trichechus; Brazil; m86-87.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Phillips, C. (recommendations for captive facilities; 36-37.) | ||
| x | 1973 | Bertram & Bertram (DD, Trichechus; 328-329.) | ||
| x | 1973 | Lewis & Wilson (TI; Pittsburgh; m421.) | ||
| x | 1973 | Sonoda & Takemura (TMM, TI, DD; Japan; 19-22.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Bartmann, W. (TM; Duisburg, Germany; skin disease; 13-16.) | ||
| x | 1974a | Dekker, D. (TMM; shipboard transport, Suriname-Amsterdam; 68-69.) | ||
| x | 1974b | Dekker, D. (TMM; Suriname; capture of 15; 3.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Mondolfi, E. (TMM; Venezuela; m6-7, m11, m13.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Sanger, C. (TMM; Guyana; born in capt.; weed control; 23.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Sikes, S. (TS; Nigeria; 468-469.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Tabuchi et al. (TM; Japan; skin fungus; 127.) | ||
| x | 1975b | Anon. (TML; Miami; conception & birth in capt.; 6-7.) | ||
| x | 1975 | Lynd, W. (TML; Miami; rehabilitation; m29.) | ||
| x | 1975 | Pinto da Silveira, E.K. (TMM, TI; Brazil; 223-226.) | ||
| x | * | 1976 | Allen et al. (DD; Sulawesi; in "semidomestication" by villagers, 35; in oceanarium, 35-40.) | |
| 1976d | Anon. (TML; Florida) | |||
| x | 1976 | Boever et al. (TI; St. Louis, Missouri; Mycobacterium infection; 927-929.) | ||
| x | 1976 | Paz & Ilani (DD; Egypt; 74.) | ||
| x | 1976 | Tas'an (DD; Jakarta; 1-12.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Boever et al. (TI; St. Louis, Missouri; parasite Chiorchis; 5-6.) | ||
| 1977a | Dekker, D. | |||
| 1977b | Dekker, D. | |||
| x | 1977 | Domning & Magor (TI; Manaus; tooth replacement; 435-438.) | ||
| x | 1977c | Domning, D.P. (TI; Manaus; INPA & private owners; 3.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Nair & Lal Mohan (DD; India; 277.) | ||
| 1978 | Asano et al. (DD; Toba, Japan) | |||
| x | 1978 | Campbell & Gicca (TMM from Mexico; sent to China; 261, 263.) | ||
| 1978 | Cornell & Asper (North America) | |||
| 1978 | Dekker, D. (TMM; Amsterdam) | |||
| x | 1978 | Harper, H. (TML; St. Augustine, Florida; release; pop. acc.; 12.) | ||
| x | 1978 | Kasuya & Nishiwaki (DD; Japan; 301-303.) | ||
| x | 1978 | Taylor, D. (DD; Sumatra; tears used as aphrodisiac; 205-213.) | ||
| 1978 | Uchida et al. (DD; Ocean Expo Aquarium) | |||
| 1979 | Byczkowska-Smyk, W. | |||
| x | 1979 | Bachman & Irvine (TML; Florida; milk composition; 873.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Best & Silva (TI; Manaus; milk feeding; 27, 29.) | ||
| 1979 | Glazebrook, R. (DD; Australia) | |||
| x | 1979 | Hartman, D.S. (TM, TI; food consumption; 54.) | ||
| 1979 | Irwandi & Jarman (DD; Indonesia) | |||
| x | 1979 | Kamiya et al. (DD; Japan & Okinawa; 129.) | ||
| 1979 | Lowry, B.H. (TML) | |||
| x | 1979 | Miyazaki et al. (DD; Okinawa; 125-126.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Mok & Best (TI; Manaus; skin fungus; 79-81.) | ||
| x | * | 1979 | Tas'an et al. (DD; Jakarta; capture, transport, & captive maintenance; 1-30.) | |
| x | 1980 | Bullock et al. (TI; Manaus; evoked brain potentials; 131.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Dekker, D. (TMM; Amsterdam; birth & behavior; 21-26.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Domning, D.P. (TI, San Francisco & Manaus; TML, Florida; food position preference; 544-547.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Gallivan & Best (TI; Manaus; metabolism & respiration; 245-253.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Gallivan, G.J. (TI; Manaus; respiratory control; 254-261.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Irvine et al. (TML; Florida; clinical parameters; 2-10.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Kataoka & Asano (DD; Toba, Japan; 269-270.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Domning & Myrick (TI; Manaus; tetracycline marking of bone; 203-204.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Asper & Searles (TML; Florida; care of injured & orphaned animals; 121-127.) | ||
| x | * | 1981 | Best, R.C. (review of diets of captive sirs.; 13, 15, 17-24.) | |
| x | 1981b | Beusse et al. (TML; Orlando, Florida; treatment of injuries; 111-120.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Brownell, Ralls & Reeves (TML; review & research needs; 10-13.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Cardeilhac et al. (TML; Florida; artificial rearing; 141.) | ||
| x | 1981a | Domning, D.P. (TI; Brazil; 89-90.) | ||
| x | 1981b | Domning, D.P. (TI; Manaus; pop. acc.; 18-23.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Elliott et al. (DD; Cairns, Australia; salmonellosis; 203-205.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Jenkins, R.L. (TML; St. Augustine, Florida; husbandry; 128-130.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Kataoka & Asano (DD; Toba, Japan, & Okinawa; 199-203.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Montgomery et al. (TI; Manaus; freeze-branding & radiotagging; 81-82.) | ||
| 1981 | Nishimura et al. (DD; Toba) | |||
| x | 1981 | Odell, D.K. (TML; Florida; growth; 131-140.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Zeiller, W. (TML; Miami, Florida; husbandry; 103-110.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Best, Ribeiro et al. (TI; Manaus; artificial rearing; 263-267.) | ||
| 1982 | Cornell et al. (North America) | |||
| x | 1982 | Kleinschmidt, A. (TM; various locations; 412.) | ||
| 1982b | O'Keefe, M.T. (TML; Orlando, Florida; pop. acc.) | |||
| x | 1982 | Werzinger, J. (TM; Nuremberg; birth & artificial rearing; 34-37.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Bradley et al. (TMM; hypothetical use by Olmecs; 1-82.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Irvine, A.B. (TML; Florida; metabolic experiments; 316-331.) | ||
| x | 1983b | Kinnaird, M.F. (TML; Florida; experiments on response to high-intensity sound; 3-4.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Lainson et al. (TI; Manaus; protozoan Eimeria trichechi; 287-289.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Piggins et al. (TI; Manaus; eyes & vision; 113-129.) | ||
| x | 1984 | DiPerna, P. (TML; Florida; captive breeding; pop. acc.; 16-17.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Domning & Hayek (TI; Manaus; tooth replacement; 106-127.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Lomolino & Ewel (TML; Florida; digestive efficiencies; 176-179.) | ||
| 1984 | Qi, J. (TM; Beijing) | |||
| x | 1984 | White, Francis-Floyd & Waterstrat (TML; Miami; growth rates; 30-34.) | ||
| x | 1984a | White, J.R. (TML; Miami; birth in capt. & captive breeding; pop. acc.; 414-418.) | ||
| x | 1984b | White, J.R. (TML; Florida; captive breeding & release; pop. acc.; 369-375.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Beckjord, J.-E. (DD; Papua New Guinea; kept alive in a hut for a week before slaughter; 154-155.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Etheridge et al. (TML; Florida; feeding experiments; 21-23.) | ||
| 1985 | Klös & Lange (Trichechus; Berlin, 1884) | |||
| x | 1985 | Morales et al. (TI; San Francisco; Mycobacterium infection; 1230-1231.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Mühling, P. (Trichechus, Europe & elsewhere, 1875-1985; TMM, Nuremberg, 3 captive births; 8-16.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Qiu, Y.-X. (TM; Beijing; 35-36.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Colmenero-R., L. (TMM; Mexico; 600.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Gallivan & Best (TI; Manaus; feeding & metabolism; 552-557.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Gallivan et al. (TI; Manaus; heart rates & respiration; 415-423.) | ||
| 1986 | Geraci, J.R. | |||
| x | 1986 | Morales, P. (TI; San Francisco; food, pathology; 43-48.) | ||
| x | 1987b | Anon. (TML; Florida; artificial rearing; 225.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Colares & Ferreira (TI; Manaus; intestinal polyp; 39.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Colares et al. (TI; Manaus; artificial milk formulas; 40-41.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Kraus, M. (TMM; Nuremberg; birth of twins; m33.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Mühling, P. (TMM; Nuremberg; birth of twins; 18-19.) | ||
| 1987 | Strehlow, H. (TMM; Berlin) | |||
| 1988 | Shearer, W. (DD; raising for meat proposed) | |||
| x | 1988 | Carowan, G. (TML; Florida; rehabilitation & release, & exhibit at Epcot Center, Orlando; 5.) | ||
| x | 1988 | Ho, H.C. (DD; Singapore; 24-25.) | ||
| 1988a | Qiu, Y.-X. (TM; Beijing) | |||
| 1988b | Qiu, Y.-X. (TM; Beijing) | |||
| x | 1989 | García M rquez, G. (TMM; San Nicol s de las Barrancas, Colombia; fictional account; 332.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Upton et al. (TML; Florida; protozoans Eimeria spp.; 87-88.) | ||
| 1990 | Bisselink, A.-M. (Trichechus; Arnhem, The Netherlands) | |||
| x | 1990 | Colares et al. (TI; Manaus; care & feeding; 43-47.) | ||
| * | 1990 | Dierauf, L.A. (veterinary care; transport techniques) | ||
| x | 1990 | Sigurdsson & Yang (DD; Singapore; 27-28.) | ||
| x | 1991 | Haigh, M.D. (TMM; Guyana; weed control; 339-349.) | ||
| x | 1992 | Borobia & Lodi (TMM; Recife, Brazil; m41.) | ||
| 1992 | Colares & Colares (TI; Brazil) | |||
| 1992 | Grubel da Silva, Soavinski et al. (TMM; Brazil) | |||
| 1992 | Salisbury, C.A. (TML; Tampa, Florida) | |||
| x | 1992 | Simmons, N. (TML; Orlando, Florida; rehabilitation; pop. acc.; 9.) | ||
| x | 1993 | O'Keefe, M.T. (TML; Florida; pop. acc. with descriptions & histories of facilities; 96-113.) | ||
| 1993 | Wolf, M. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.) | |||
| 1994a | Kamiya, Toshiro (DD; Toba, Japan) | |||
| 1994 | Adulyanukosal & Chantrapornsyl (DD; Thailand) | |||
| x | 1994 | Gerstein, E.R. (TML; Florida; behavior & sense perception experiments; 10-21.) | ||
| 1994 | Luszczynski, J. (TML; Lowry Park Zoo, Tampa; costs of rehabilitation; 121-123.) | |||
| x | 1994 | Rosas, F.C.W. (TI; INPA, Manaus, Brazil; 54-55.) | ||
| 1994 | Takamura & Sakai (DD; Toba, Japan; pop. acc.; 10-13.) | |||
| x | * | 1994 | Tschada, P. (TMM; Nuremberg; behavior; 33-50.) | |
| 1995 | Martínez, A. (TM) | |||
| 1995a | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; Berlin) | |||
| 1995b | Blaszkiewitz, B. (Berlin) | |||
| 1995b | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; Berlin) | |||
| x | 1995 | Kraus, J. (TML, Florida; rehabilitation & soft release; 8-9.) | ||
| x | 1995 | Lanyon & Marsh (DD; Jakarta; 120-121.) | ||
| x | 1995 | Odell et al. (TM; reproduction; 192-193.) | ||
| 1996 | De Iongh et al. (DD; Indonesia; food preferences) | |||
| x | 1996 | Blaszkiewitz & Reinhard (DD; Surabaya; 878-881.) | ||
| 1996 | Blaszkiewitz, B. (Berlin) | |||
| x | * | 1996 | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; Berlin; chronology, 1884-1995; 22-23.) | |
| 1996 | De Iongh et al. (DD; Surabaya; food preference; 19-34.) | |||
| x | 1996 | Griebel & Schmid (TMM; Nuremberg; color vision experiments; 2748, 2750-2751.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Reeves et al. (TI; Peru; 252.) | ||
| 1996 | Reinhard, R. (TMM, Singapore; DD, Jakarta, Surabaya; 22-24.) | |||
| x | 1996 | Russell, B.J. (TML; Sarasota; pop. acc.; 5.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Tan, B. (DD; Shanghai; m86.) | ||
| x | 1997a | Anon. (TML; rehabilitation facilities needed outside Florida; 498.) | ||
| 1997 | Griebel & Schmid (TMM; Nuremberg; brightness discrimination experiments; 1587-1592.) | |||
| 1997 | Wakai, Y. (DD; Toba; sexual behavior) | |||
| 1997? | Young, A. (TML; Tampa, Florida; rehabilitation from red tide; pop. acc.) | |||
| 1998 | Mignucci-G., A.A. (TMM; northeastern Caribbean region) | |||
| x | 1998 | Bachteler & Dehnhardt (TMM; Nuremberg; sensitivity of vibrissae; 44.) | ||
| x | 1998 | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; Berlin; stillbirth; 134.) | ||
| x | 1998 | Marshall et al. (TML; Florida; feeding experiments; 276-284.) | ||
| x | 1998 | Ortiz et al. (TML, TMM; Florida, Brazil, Colombia, Puerto Rico; osmoregulation; 450-451.) | ||
| x | v | 1999 | Abdullah, M.K. (DD; Malaysia; recommendations regarding release; 8.) | |
| x | 1999 | Bachteler & Dehnhardt (TMM; Nuremberg; experiments on sensitivity of vibrissae; 62-64.) | ||
| 1999 | Colbert & Bauer (TML; husbandry training) | |||
| x | 1999 | Gerstein et al. (TML; Lowry Park Zoo, Tampa; hearing experiments; 3575-3583.) | ||
| x | 1999 | Ortiz et al. (TM; Florida & Brazil; water-turnover experiments; 34-35.) | ||
| x | 1999 | Rosas et al. (TI; Manaus; blood parameters & nutrition; 37-42.) | ||
| x | 1999 | Uchida et al. (TMM; Okinawa; recommendations on care & transport; 131-133.) | ||
| 2000 | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; Berlin; premature birth) | |||
| x | 2000 | Marshall et al. (TML; Florida; experiments on ingestive behavior; 649-658.) | ||
| 2001 | Chua et al. (DD; Singapore) | |||
| 2001 | Guimarães, M.A.B.V. (assisted reproduction) | |||
| 2001 | Colbert et al. (TML; husbandry & research training) | |||
| x | 2001 | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; Berlin; birth of twins; 427-429.) | ||
| 2001 | Colbert et al. (TML, in capt.; husbandry training) | |||
| 2002 | Wakai et al. (DD; urinary progesterone and estradiol 17β) | |||
| x | 2003 | Grimes & Becnel (TML; Bradenton, Florida; pop. acc.; 75-77.) | ||
| x | 2003 | Kendall, S. (TI; Colombia; rehabilitation of calf; pop. acc.; 1-24.) | ||
| x | 2003 | Mignucci et al. (TMM; Alligator Hole R., Jamaica; 7-12.) | ||
| 2003 | Manire et al. (TML; blood & urine parameters; rehabilitation & release) | |||
| 2003 | Sato et al. (TML; mycobacteriosis) | |||
| 2003 | Kuriandewa et al. (DD; Indonesia; 180.) | |||
| 2004a | Goto et al. (DD; effects of age, body size, & season on food consumption & digestion) | |||
| x | 2004 | Ortiz & Worthy (TM; Florida, Brazil; body composition; 176-183.) | ||
| 2005 | Vergara-Parente, J.E. (TI; Brazil; rescue, rehabilitation, release) | |||
| 2005 | Lima et al. (TMM; training in management behaviors) | |||
| 2006 | Lanyon, Newgrain & Alli (DD; Indonesia; water turnover rate) | |||
| 2006 | Horikoshi-Beckett & Schulte (TML; activity patterns) | |||
| 2007b | Borges et al. (TMM; Brazil; Cryptosporidium) | |||
| 2007 | Silva et al. (TMM; serum chemistry values) | |||
| 2008 | Tsukinowa et al. (DD; Toba, Japan; fecal microbiota) | |||
| * | 2008 | Mercadillo-Elguero et al. (TMM; Quintana Roo, Mexico; in semi-captivity; ethogram, rehabilitation) | ||
| 2008 | Sousa-Lima et al. (TMM; Brazil; vocalizations) | |||
| 2009 | Kasamatsu et al. (TM; serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxide, alpha-tocopherol & lipoproteins) | |||
| 2010 | Sikes, S.K. (TS; Nigeria) | |||
| 2010 | Hénaut et al. (TMM; Mexico; activities & social interactions) | |||
| 2011 | Silva et al. (TI; Lago Amanã, Brazil; skin lesions) | |||
| 2011 | Kikuchi et al. (TMM; avoidance of nets) | |||
| 2011 | Amaral et al. (TI; salivary testosterone concentrations) | |||
| 2011 | Lieven et al. (TM, Okinawa; nematode Cutidiplogaster manati) | |||
| 2011 | Donà et al. (TML; Florida; seroepidemiology of papillomavirus) | |||
| 2011 | Drummond et al. (TI; serum biochemical analytes) | |||
| 2012 | Luna et al. (TMM; northeast Brazil; phylogeography; release) | |||
| 2012 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. (TMM; Mexico; Toxoplasma gondii) | |||
| * | 2012 | Stamper & Bonde (TM; health assessment techniques) | ||
| 2012 | Perea-S. et al. (TI; Peru; management & rehabilitation) | |||
| 2012 | Wong et al. (TML, TMM; oral temperature, heart & respiration rate, blood chemistry) | |||
| * | 2012 | Domning, D.P. (TI; INPA, Manaus, Brazil; history of project) | ||
| 2013 | Burgess et al. (DD; reproductive hormone monitoring) | |||
| 2013 | Amaral et al. (TI; endocrine monitoring of ovarian cycle) | |||
| 2013 | Barbosa et al. (TI; passage time of digesta) | |||
| 2013 | Carmo et al. (TI; Brazil; changes in blood parameters after transport) | |||
| 2013 | Kikuchi et al. (TI; Manaus, Brazil; behavior; acceleration data loggers) | |||
| 2015 | Sidrim et al. (TI, TMM; Brazil; yeast microbiota) | |||
| * | 2016 | Arévalo-Sandi & Castelblanco-Martínez (TI; Peru; interactions among calves in captivity) | ||
| * | 2016 | Adimey et al. (TML, Florida; post-release monitoring) | ||
| 2016 | Sidrim et al. (TI, TM; Candida spp. antifungal resistance & virulence) | |||
| 2017 | Landeo et al. (TI; Peru; captivity & release; behavior) | |||
| 2017 | Walsh & Blyde | |||
| * | 2017 | Moore et al. (DD; Indonesia; by fishermen) | ||
| 2018 | Reisfeld et al. (TI; cutaneous mycobacteriosis) | |||
| * | 2018 | Souza, D. A., et al. (TI; Brazil; captive-raised; reintroduction) | ||
| 2019 | Suzuki et al. (TMM, Okinawa; fecal microbiota; comp. w/ TML.) | |||
| * | 2019 | Hill et al. (TML; Florida; diet) | ||
| * | 2019 | Silva et al. (TI; manatee research project at INPA, Manaus, Brazil) | ||
| 2019 | Garcés-Cuartas et al. (TMM; vibrissae growth rate) | |||
| 2020 | Hénaut et al. (TMM; Mexico; feeding behavior; learning capacities & welfare) | |||
| 2020 | Maduro et al. (TI; fed with mothers' milk) | |||
| 2020 | Ortega-Argueta & Castelblanco-Martínez (TMM; Mexico; captive breeding & conservation) | |||
| 2020a | Luna & Attademo (TMM, Brazil; children's book) | |||
| 2021 | Souza, D. A., et al. (TI; pregnancy of released manatee) | |||
| 2021 | Lucchini et al. (TMM; role of touch) | |||
Capture: Capture: SEE Hunting and Capture ( 0 )
Caribbean Manatee: Caribbean Manatee: SEE Trichechus manatus; Trichechus manatus manatus; and synonyms ( 0 )
| Caribbean Sea ( 19 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Central America; Cuba; Haiti; Jamaica; Mexico; Panama; Puerto Rico; South America; West Indies) | ||||
| x | 1880 | LeBaron, J.F. (Trichechus bones dredged from bottom between Florida Cape & Cuba; m1005.) | ||
| x | 1954 | Gunter, G. (TM; distr.; 543-544.) | ||
| 1973 | Varona, L.S. | |||
| x | * | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; biogeography; 589-591, 599.) | |
| x | 1993 | Sutty, L. (TM; pop. acc.; 20-21.) | ||
| x | 1994a | Domning, D.P. (fossil sirs. & seagrasses; pop. acc.; 72-73.) | ||
| x | 1994 | Marsh & Lefebvre (TMM; distr. & status; 155, 157.) | ||
| * | 1995 | U.N.E.P. (TM; regional management plan) | ||
| x | 1995 | Wille, C. (TM; pop. acc.; 16-23.) | ||
| 1998 | Mignucci-G., A.A. (TMM; in capt.; northeastern Caribbean region) | |||
| 1999d | Domning, D.P. (Olig. sirs.; review; 29.) | |||
| * | 2001 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; status & biogeography) | ||
| 2009 | Colon-Llavina et al. (TMM; Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands; parasites) | |||
| * | 2012 | Self-Sullivan & Mignucci-Giannoni (TM; distribution, status, & conservation) | ||
| x | 2014 | Fuller, J. (TM; pop. acc.; 51.) | ||
| * | 2015 | Niño-Torres et al. (TMM; Mexican Caribbean region) | ||
| 2019 | Castelblanco-Martínez et al. (TMM; Caribbean region; monitoring methods) | |||
| 2019 | Debrot et al. (TMM; Dutch Leeward Islands, Venezuela) | |||
| * | 2021a | Castelblanco-Martínez et al. (TML; travel to Mexican Caribbean) | ||
| Caribosiren Reinhart, 1959 ( 7 ) | ||||
| * | 1959 | Reinhart, R.H. (n.gen.) | ||
| x | 1965 | Arata & Jackson (m176.) | ||
| x | 1971 | Reinhart, R.H. (m5-7.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Domning, D.P. (m8.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Fondi & Pacini (comp. w/ Metaxytherium forestii; 43.) | ||
| x | 1978b | Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Dusisiren; m73.) | ||
| x | 1997b | Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Crenatosiren olseni; m407, 409.) | ||
| Caribosiren turneri Reinhart, 1959 ( 7 ) | ||||
| * | 1959 | Reinhart, R.H. (n.gen.n.sp.) | ||
| x | 1965 | Kilmer, F.H. (comp. w/ Halianassa allisoni; 66, 70.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Kellogg, R. (review, 66; comp. w/ Metaxytherium calvertense, 73.) | ||
| x | 1967b | Paula Couto, C. de (m346.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Varona, L.S. (comp. w/ Metaxytherium riveroi; 7.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Domning & Ray (comp. w/ Oregon halitheriine; 272.) | ||
| x | 1990 | MacPhee & Wyss (review & possible new material; 21, 26-29, 35-36.) | ||
| Census Methods: SEE ALSO Aerial Surveys of Distribution; Population Biology; Tagging Methods and Recognition ( 1 ) | ||||
| 2019 | Castelblanco-Martínez et al. (TMM; Caribbean region; monitoring methods) | |||
| Central America ( 21 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama) | ||||
| x | 1782 | Duhamel du Monceau, H.L. (TMM; Gulf of Darien & Honduras; m59.) | ||
| 1822 | Hodgson, R. | |||
| 1827 | Roberts, O.W. | |||
| 1862 | Bell, C.N. | |||
| 1869 | Pim & Seeman | |||
| 1872 | Wickham, H.A. | |||
| 1879-82 | Alston, E.R. | |||
| 1879 | Peacock, G. | |||
| 1899 | Bell, C.N. | |||
| 1932 | Conzemius, E. | |||
| x | 1946 | Baughman, J.L. (TMM; early accounts; 234-237.) | ||
| 1965 | Squier, E.G. | |||
| 1970 | Wilbert, J. | |||
| x | 1974 | Savage, J.M. (Trichechus; zoogeography; 15, 20, 26, 29.) | ||
| 1978 | Stark & Voorhies | |||
| x | 1983 | Bradley et al. (TMM; hypothetical use by Olmecs; 1-82.) | ||
| x | * | 1985 | McKillop, H.I. (TMM; use in prehistoric Maya area; 337-353.) | |
| x | * | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 567-570, 580-584, 589-591, 599, 606-607.) | |
| x | 1994 | Marsh & Lefebvre (TMM; distr. & status; 157-158.) | ||
| x | 1999 | Fierstine, H.L. (use of Central American Seaway by Metaxytherium crataegense; 435.) | ||
| * | 2001 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; status & biogeography) | ||
| Cetaceae Herbivorae Gray, 1821 ( 3 ) | ||||
| x | 1821 | Gray, J.E. (n.order; in classification; 309.) | ||
| x | 1825 | Latreille, P.A. (Order Cetacea, Family Herbivora; in classification; 64-65.) | ||
| x | 1827 | Berthold, A.A. (in classification; 62.) | ||
Ceylon: Ceylon: SEE Sri Lanka ( 0 )
| Cheirotherium brocchii de Blainville, 1844 ( 6 ) | ||||
| * | 1844 | Blainville, H.M.D. de (name introduced; lapsus for C. subapenninum) | ||
| x | 1847b | Gervais, F.L.P. (m209-210.) | ||
| x | 1880 | Delfortrie, E. (comp. w/ Rytiodus; m142.) | ||
| x | 1885a | Woodward, H. ("Halitherium (Chirotherium) brocchii"; m470.) | ||
| x | 1942b | Kaltenmark, J. ("C. brochii"; m103.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Kellogg, R. (m68.) | ||
| Cheirotherium Bruno, 1839 (non Kaup, 1835) ( 10 ) | ||||
| * | 1839 | Bruno, G.D. (n.gen.) | ||
| x | * | 1840 | Kaup, J.J. (renamed "Pontotherium Bruno"; 676.) | |
| x | 1847b | Gervais, F.L.P. (syn. of Halitherium; comp. w/ H. serresii; 207, 212-213, 220.) | ||
| x | 1865 | Capellini, G. (priority over Felsinotherium; 282.) | ||
| x | 1872a | Gill, T. (in classification; 92.) | ||
| x | * | 1941 | Kretzoi, M. (renamed Halysiren; 153.) | |
| x | 1942b | Kaltenmark, J. (history of name; 103-104.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Kellogg, R. (m68.) | ||
| x | 1978c | Domning, D.P. (syn. of Metaxytherium; m577.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Domning & Thomas (syn. of Metaxytherium; 208-209.) | ||
| Cheirotherium subapenninum Bruno, 1839 ( 13 ) | ||||
| * | 1839 | Bruno, G.D. (n.gen.n.sp.) | ||
| x | 1840b | Meyer, H.v. (referred to Halianassa; 587.) | ||
| x | v | 1865 | Capellini, G. (syn. of Felsinotherium forestii; 282.) | |
| x | 1878a | Zigno, A. de (review; 67.) | ||
| x | 1885a | Woodward, H. ("Chirotherium"; m470.) | ||
| x | 1886 | Portis, A. (history of name; 356.) | ||
| x | 1932a | Simpson, G.G. (m479, 481.) | ||
| x | 1941 | Kretzoi, M. (in classification; 153.) | ||
| x | 1942b | Kaltenmark, J. (history of name; 103.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Fondi & Pacini (m44-46.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Canocchi, D. (considered nomen dubium; 499.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Domning & Thomas (syn. of Metaxytherium subapenninum; m208.) | ||
| * | 1988a | Pilleri, G. | ||
| Children's Literature ( 71 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Fiction) | ||||
| 1892 | Munroe, K. (TML; Florida) | |||
| D | 1971 | Takashi, Y. (discovery of Desmostylus) | ||
| 1975 | Dick, H. (TM) | |||
| 1976d | Anon. | |||
| x | 1978 | Isham, C.H. (TML; Blue Spring, Florida; [1-16].) | ||
| 1979 | Alliger, M.E. | |||
| 1980 | Fritz, D. (TML; educator's guide) | |||
| 1982 | Young, O.D. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1986 | Delaney et al. (educator's guide) | |||
| 1986 | Wright, C.W. | |||
| x | 1988 | Smith, D. (DD; Australia; 44-47.) | ||
| 1989 | Horn, G. (HG) | |||
| x | 1989 | Walsh, K. (TML; Florida; 2-9.) | ||
| 1990 | Clark, M.G. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1990 | Corey, D. (TML) | |||
| 1990 | Sibbald, J.H. (TML) | |||
| 1990 | Tate, S. (TML) | |||
| D | 1990 | Oliver & Long | ||
| 1991 | Darling, K. (TML) | |||
| 1991 | Jacobs, F. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1991 | Lepthien, E.U. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1992 | Lee, C. (TML; adventure novel) | |||
| 1993 | Donati, A. (Trichechus; 8-9.) | |||
| 1994 | Zoehfeld, K.W. (TML) | |||
| 1995 | Silverstein et al. (TM) | |||
| x | 1995 | Jagan, J. (TMM; Guyana; 59-62.) | ||
| 1996 | Corrigan, P. | |||
| 1997 | Harman, A. (Trichechus & DD) | |||
| 1997 | Houk, R. (TML) | |||
| x | 1997 | Jenkins, P.B. (TML; 1-32.) | ||
| x | 1998 | Palazzo-Craig, J. (TML; 1-47.) | ||
| 1999 | Price-Groff, C. (TM, DD) | |||
| 1999 | Maden, M. (TML) | |||
| 1999 | Perry, P.J. | |||
| 1999 | Walker, S.M. | |||
| 2000 | Espinoza M. & Jiménez P. (TMM; Costa Rica) | |||
| 2001 | Feeney, K. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2001 | Theodorou, R. (TML) | |||
| 2001 | Thomas, T.D. (TML) | |||
| 2002 | Schleichert, E. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 2003 | Lithgow, J. (TM) | |||
| 2003 | Lithgow, J. (TML) | |||
| 2004 | Torres, John Albert (TM) | |||
| 2005 | De Felice, C.C. (TML) | |||
| 2006 | Pingry, P.A. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2006 | Kalman & Dyer (Trichechus) | |||
| 2006 | Leyden, B. (TML; children's book) | |||
| 2007 | Marston, H.I. (young children's book) | |||
| 2007 | Anderson, L.H. (TML) | |||
| x | 2007 | Frankel, J. (HG; [1-44].) | ||
| 2008 | Arnosky, J. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2008 | Wood, J.R. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 2008 | Voisin, M.E. (TS) | |||
| 2010 | Arnosky, J. (TML) | |||
| 2010 | Coleman, M. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2010 | Swinburne, S.R. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2010 | Swinburne, S.R. (Trichechus; children's book) | |||
| 2010 | Wicker, J.L. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2010 | Williams, G.T. (Trichechus) | |||
| x | 2010 | Mignucci-G., A.A. (TM; Puerto Rico; children's book; iv + 56.) | ||
| x | 2011 | Kowalski, K.M. (HG, TML, DD; 18-19.) | ||
| x | 2011 | Jackson & Thorpe (TML; Memphis, Tennessee; 1-26.) | ||
| x | v | 2011 | de Foy, K. (HG, TML; 14-18.) | |
| 2011 | Spivey, H.D. (TML; children's eBook) | |||
| 2012 | King, Z. (Trichechus) | |||
| 2012 | Slezak, R.E. (TML; Florida) | |||
| x | 2014 | Green, L. (story using a toy manatee to inform children in Mongolia about environmental issues; viii + 35.) | ||
| 2014 | Spivey, H.D. (TML; children's eBook) | |||
| 2016 | Davies, N. (Amazonia; children's book on manatee hunting & protection) | |||
| 2020a | Luna & Attademo (TMM, in capt., Brazil) | |||
| 2020b | Oliveira Luna, Fábia de; Loffler Niemeyer Attademo, Fernanda (TMM; Brazil) | |||
| China ( 22 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Taiwan) | ||||
| x | 1923 | Watson, E. (DD; use of oil; 103.) | ||
| x | 1931 | Read, B.E. (HG; ?econ. use; 16.) | ||
| x | 1935 | Allen, G.M. (DD; 79-81.) | ||
| x | 1935 | Sowerby, A. de C. (DD, 81-82; HG, 82.) | ||
| x | 1936 | Sowerby, A. de C. (DD; 41-42.) | ||
| x | 1951 | Herklots, G.A.C. (DD; Hong Kong; 93.) | ||
| 1958 | Shou, Z. (DD; Beibu Gulf; 146-152.) | |||
| x | 1973 | Bertram & Bertram (DD; Hong Kong; 309.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Zhang, Z.-m. (DD; pop. acc.; 33-36.) | ||
| * | 1986 | Wang & Sun (DD) | ||
| 1986 | Zhou, K. (DD) | |||
| 1992 | Dong et al. (DD; larynx, trachea, lungs) | |||
| x | 1993 | Wang, P. (DD; distr.; 275-278.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Tan, B. (DD; gen. acc.; 82, 85-86.) | ||
| 1997 | Zhang et al. (DD; distribution) | |||
| x | 1998 | Liu, Z. (DD; distr. & status; 208-210.) | ||
| 2001 | Morton, B. (DD) | |||
| 2001 | Morton, B. (DD) | |||
| 2003 | Zhou et al. (DD; Beibu Gulf) | |||
| 2007 | Wang et al. (DD; Hainan Province; status) | |||
| * | 2012a | Hines, E. (DD; distribution, status, & conservation) | ||
| * | 2022 | Lin et al. (DD; considered functionally extinct in China) | ||
| Chronozoon australe De Vis, 1884 ( 5 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1884 | De Vis, C.W. (n.gen.n.sp.; 392-395, pl. 17.) | |
| x | 1885a | Woodward, H. (m470.) | ||
| * | 1975 | Mahoney & Ride (?syn. of Phascolomys gigas; 152.) | ||
| 1976 | Reinhart, R.H. (review; 267-269.) | |||
| x | 2006 | Pledge, N.S. (regarded as of dubious provenance; 297, 302-303.) | ||
| Chronozoon De Vis, 1884 ( 2 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1884 | De Vis, C.W. (n.gen.; 392-395, pl. 17.) | |
| x | 1886b | Hartlaub, C. (m377.) | ||
| Circulatory System ( 95 ) | ||||
| 1806 | Meckel, J.F. (Trichechus; thymus) | |||
| x | * | 1820b | Home, E. (DD; spleen, 319; heart, 319-320, pl. 28.) | |
| x | 1820 | Raffles, T.S. (DD; 178.) | ||
| x | 1834 | Rüppell, E. (DD; heart; 106.) | ||
| 1837 | Rapp, W.v. (DD; fetal heart & vessels) | |||
| 1838a | Baer, K.E.v. (Trichechus; 199.) | |||
| x | * | 1838a | Owen, R. (DD; 34-36.) | |
| x | 1857 | Rapp, W.v. (TM; pulmonary vessels, lymph glands, heart, arteries, spleen; 91-93, 96, pl. 3.) | ||
| x | 1862 | Goebel, A. (HG; remnants of capillaries in bone; 189-190.) | ||
| x | 1862 | Phillippo (Trichechus; heart; 684-685.) | ||
| 1866 | Huxley, J. | |||
| x | * | 1872a | Murie, J. (TMM; 175-178.) | |
| x | 1876 | Chapman, H.C. (TMM; 457-458.) | ||
| 1877 | Garrod, A.H. | |||
| 1878 | Gulliver, G. | |||
| x | 1880 | Murie, J. (TMM; cranial arteries; 42, pl. 9.) | ||
| x | * | 1897 | Beddard, F.E. (TI, TM; 51-52.) | |
| x | * | 1899 | Steller, G.W. (HG; 192-194, 199.) | |
| x | 1905 | Mitchell, P.C. (TI; portal [posterior mesenteric] vein; 465.) | ||
| 1905 | Wilder, B.G. (Trichechus; heart) | |||
| x | * | 1906b | Dexler & Freund (DD; 58.) | |
| x | 1907 | Pick, F.K. (DD; pulmonary vessels, 245-251, 261, 265-270; blood cells, 266-267.) | ||
| x | 1912b | Dexler, H. (DD; cerebral retia; 100-102.) | ||
| x | 1923 | Kostanecki, K. (TI; omphalo-mesenteric arteries; 273-276.) | ||
| x | 1923 | Nopcsa, F.v. (circulation, bone marrow, hemopoiesis, & pachyostosis; 355-358.) | ||
| x | 1935a | Wislocki, G.B. (TML; pulmonary vessels, 387, 390, 392; lymph vessels & lymphoid tissue in lung, 389, 392.) | ||
| x | * | 1935b | Wislocki, G.B. (TML; placenta & umbilical cord; 160-162, 164-171, pls. 1-7.) | |
| 1936 | Slijper, E.J. | |||
| x | * | 1941 | Scholander & Irving (TML; heart rate, 171-172, 189; peripheral vasoconstriction, 185.) | |
| x | * | 1942a | Fawcett, D.W. (TML; blood-vascular bundles; 105-133.) | |
| 1948 | Franklin, K.J. (Trichechus; heart) | |||
| x | 1953 | Quiring & Harlan (TM; heart, 194, 202; retia & other vessels, 200-201.) | ||
| D | 1954a | Ijiri, S. | ||
| x | 1958 | Knoll, W. (Trichechus; blood cells; 332-333.) | ||
| 1958 | Scholander, P.F. | |||
| x | * | 1958 | Tenney, S.M. (TM; heart & electrocardiogram; 933-938.) | |
| 1959a | Anon. | |||
| x | 1961 | Slijper, E.J. (foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus; 536-537, 544, 548-549.) | ||
| 1965 | Grauwiler, J. | |||
| 1965 | Robb, J.S. (heart) | |||
| 1969 | Elsner, R. | |||
| x | 1969 | Robineau, D. (internal carotid & stapedial arteries; 13.) | ||
| x | * | 1972 | Blessing et al. (TI; spleen; 166-171, 173-178, 182-188, 190, 193, 195-203.) | |
| x | 1972 | Blessing, M.H. (Trichechus; heart myoglobin; 475-479.) | ||
| x | 1973 | Lewis & Wilson (Trichechus; blood plasma fibrinogen; 421-422.) | ||
| x | 1976 | Allen et al. (DD; heart, retia in flukes; 42, 46.) | ||
| x | 1976 | White et al. (TML; blood chemistry; 413-416.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Murray et al. (DD; blood analyses; 7-8.) | ||
| x | 1978 | McCabe et al. (DD; oxygen affinity of hemoglobin; 19-22.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Anderson, P.K. (DD; rapid blood clotting an ?anti-shark adaptation; 127.) | ||
| x | 1979a | Farmer et al. (TI; properties of hemoglobin & whole blood; 231-238.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Tas'an et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; heart rates; 10, 23.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Irvine et al. (TM; blood values; 3-5.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Marsh & Glover (DD; testicular artery, 264, 273; blood sampling techniques, 266-267.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Odell et al. (TML; heart & spleen weights; 54-57, 60, 63.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Rainey, W.E. (DD; blood sampling techniques; 241-244.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Medway, Black & Rathbun (TML; hematology & blood sampling; 11-15.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Medway, Bruss et al. (TML; blood chemistry; 229-234.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Medway, Dodds et al. (TML; blood coagulation; 120-127.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Marsh & Anderson (DD; blood chemistry & capture myopathy; 1-3.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Bazzini et al. (TM; hemopoiesis in vertebral bodies; 19.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Galantsev & Mukhametov (TM; cardiac rhythms, venous sinuses & plexuses; 201-205.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Snipes, R.L. (TM; arteries to cecum; 69-70.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Morales et al. (TI; white blood cell counts; 1231.) | ||
| x | * | 1985 | Rowlatt & Marsh (DD, TM; heart & great vessels; 95-106.) | |
| x | * | 1986 | Bazzini et al. (TM; hemopoiesis; 150-152.) | |
| 1986 | Galantsev, V.P. (TM; venous system) | |||
| x | 1986 | Gallivan et al. (TI; cardiac rhythms & gas exchange during diving; 415-423.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Colares & Ferreira (TI; normal & pathological blood values; 39.) | ||
| x | 1988 | Fischer, M.S. (TM; vessels of ear region; 369-375.) | ||
| x | 1988 | Kleinschmidt et al. (TI; hemoglobin; 507-512.) | ||
| 1989 | Galantsev & Kuz'min (venous & arterial systems) | |||
| 1990 | Bossart & Dierauf (TML; blood sampling & hematology) | |||
| x | 1990 | Buergelt et al. (TML; thickened heart valves; 220-227.) | ||
| 1993 | Qiu, Y. (TM; heart) | |||
| x | 1996 | Reynolds & Rommel (TML; celiac & mesenteric arteries; 544, 549, 551.) | ||
| 2000 | Colares et al. (TI; seasonal variations in blood parameters) | |||
| 2000 | Colares et al. (TI; blood parameters) | |||
| x | 2001 | Reep et al. (TML; blood sinuses of vibrissae; 1-14.) | ||
| 2001 | Rommel et al. (TML; veins of reproductive system; 339-347.) | |||
| * | 2001 | Rommel et al. (TML; veins of reproductive system) | ||
| 2002 | Cerecedo et al. | |||
| 2003 | Rommel & Caplan (TML; tail; vascular adaptations for heat conservation) | |||
| 2003 | Rommel et al. | |||
| 2005 | Harper et al. (TML; vascularization of cornea) | |||
| 2005 | Natiello & Samuelson (TM; angioarchitecture of ciliary body) | |||
| * | 2006 | Siegal-Willott et al. (TML, TMM; electrocardiography) | ||
| 2008 | Moore et al. (TMM; Puerto Rico; cardiac failure) | |||
| 2009 | Harvey et al. (TML; hematology) | |||
| 2009 | Silva et al. (TMM; hematology; age variations) | |||
| 2012 | Gerlach et al. (TML; heart enlargement) | |||
| 2012 | Wong et al. (TML, TMM; heart rate, blood chemistry) | |||
| 2013 | Carmo et al. (TI; changes in blood parameters after transport) | |||
| 2019 | Carvalho et al. (TM; Brazil; cardiac congenital malformations in neonates) | |||
| 2020 | Harvey et al. (TML; serum iron analytes) | |||
| Coins, Sirenians on ( 0 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO Appendix 3) |
| Colombia ( 36 ) | ||||
| x | 1855a | Gervais, P. (TI; Pebas; anatomy & econ. use; 114-116.) | ||
| x | 1857 | Holton, I.F. (TMM; Laguna de Tesca, Cartagena; 46.) | ||
| x | 1883 | Pelzeln, A.v. (TMM; Cienega R.; 93-94.) | ||
| x | 1904 | Allen, J.A. (TMM; coastal region; 423.) | ||
| x | 1920 | Goldman, E.A. (TMM; Atrato & Cacarica Rs.; 71.) | ||
| x | 1939 | Wavrin, M. de (Trichechus; various localities; 194.) | ||
| x | * | 1951 | Reinhart, R.H. (Potamosiren magdalenensis, n.gen.n.sp.; Mioc.; 203-204, 211.) | |
| x | * | 1953 | Stirton, R.A. (La Venta fauna & localities [Mioc.]; 614.) | |
| x | 1956 | McKenna, M.C. (Lophiodolodus; Olig.; supposed sir.; m739.) | ||
| x | * | 1966 | Kellogg, R. (Metaxytherium ortegense, n.sp.; Mioc.; 92-93.) | |
| 1968 | Medem, F. | |||
| x | 1969 | Frye & Herald (TI; near Leticia; 1073.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Schreider & Schreider (TI; in capt., Leticia; 142.) | ||
| 1971 | Camacho, J.I.H. | |||
| x | 1982b | Domning, D.P. (Potamosiren sp.; Mioc.; 601-602.) | ||
| x | 1989 | García M rquez, G. (TMM; Rio Magdalena; hunting & in capt.; fictional account; 142, 324, 331-332, 336-337, 344.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 584-585, 607.) | ||
| x | 1992 | Marmontel et al. (TMM; boat-related fatalities; m308.) | ||
| x | * | 1997a | Domning, D.P. (Potamosiren magdalenensis; Middle Mioc., La Venta; 383-391.) | |
| x | 1998 | Ortiz et al. (TMM; in capt.; osmoregulation experiments; 450.) | ||
| 1999 | Kendall, S. (TI; environmental education) | |||
| * | 2001 | Montoya et al. (TMM) | ||
| * | 2003 | Kendall & Orozco (TI) | ||
| x | 2003 | Kendall, S. (TI; rehabilitation of calf; pop. acc.; 1-24.) | ||
| 2004 | Kendall et al. (TI; gen. acc.) | |||
| 2005 | Castelblanco-M., Holguín, & Zapata (TMM; Ciénaga de Paredes; conservation) | |||
| 2005 | Castelblanco-M. et al. (TMM; Orinoquía) | |||
| 2009a | Castelblanco-M. et al. (TMM; Orinoco R.) | |||
| 2013 | Kendall, S. (TI; natural history, conservation) | |||
| 2014 | Mojica-F. et al. (TM; Santander; water quality of preferred sites) | |||
| 2015 | Moreno et al. (undescribed sir. remains, Guajira Peninsula; Early to Middle Mioc.) | |||
| 2015 | Castelblanco et al. (TI, TM; conservation) | |||
| 2019 | Vélez et al. (TMM; parasites) | |||
| * | 2020 | Kendall, S. | ||
| 2020 | Caicedo-Herrera et al. (TMM; opportunistic fish consumption) | |||
| * | 2022 | Debrot et al. (TMM) | ||
Commander Islands: Commander Islands: SEE Bering Sea ( 0 )
Commensalism: Commensalism: SEE Community Ecology; Parasitology ( 0 )
Communication: Communication: SEE Behavior (General and Miscellaneous); Sound Production ( 0 )
| Community Ecology ( 54 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Food; Food Plants; Natural Enemies; Paleoecology; Parasites; Parasitology) | ||||
| x | * | 1899 | Steller, G.W. (HG; removal of ectoparasites by gulls; 198, 201.) | |
| 1945 | Hill, W.C.O. (DD; ?commensal fish in prepuce) | |||
| x | 1975 | Dayton, P.K. (HG; N. Pacific; ?dependence on sea otters for protection of kelp supply; 236-237.) | ||
| x | 1975 | Morse, D.H. (manatees & turtles considered "ecological replacement" of temperate-zone aquatic birds; 173.) | ||
| x | 1975 | Pinto da Silveira, E.K. (TI; feces eaten by fish; 226.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Boever et al. (TI; trematode Chiorchis a ?commensal; 6.) | ||
| x | D | * | 1977b | Domning, D.P. (sirs. & desmostylians; N. Pacific; 352-362.) |
| x | 1977 | Heinsohn et al. (DD; nutrient recycling; possible competition with turtles; 240-241.) | ||
| x | 1978 | Anderson & Birtles (DD; Queensland; no interspecific interactions; 15.) | ||
| x | D | * | 1978b | Domning, D.P. (sirs. & desmostylians; N. Pacific; 113-116, 139-146.) |
| 1978 | Simenstad et al. (HG; Aleutians) | |||
| x | 1979 | Anderson, P.K. (DD; possible competition with turtles & man; 136.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Hartman, D.S. (TM; Florida; interspecific interactions, 59-60; commensals, 62-64.) | ||
| 1981 | Ray, G.C. | |||
| x | 1982b | Anderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; ?commensal feeding by cormorants; 94.) | ||
| x | * | 1982 | Scott & Powell (TML; Florida; commensal feeding by little blue herons; 215-216.) | |
| x | 1984c | Anderson, P.K. (DD; Queensland; no interspecific interactions; 40.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Nietschmann, B. (DD; Torres Strait; competition with turtles; 632-637.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Colmenero-R. & Hoz-Z. (TM; Mexico; 985, 988-1007.) | ||
| x | D | 1993 | Aranda-M., F.J. (possible competition between sirs. and desmostylians; 17-18.) | |
| x | 1995 | Preen & Marsh (DD; Queensland; ?competition for seagrasses between resident & immigrant dugongs; 518.) | ||
| 1999 | Perry & Dennison (DD; microbial nutrient cycling in seagrass sediments) | |||
| x | * | 2000 | Aragones & Marsh (DD; Australia; impact of simulated grazing on seagrass communities; 277-288.) | |
| x | * | 2001 | Masini et al. (Shark Bay, Australia; impact of dugong grazing on seagrass communities; 179-197.) | |
| 2002 | Nakaoka et al. (DD; Thailand; impact of foraging on benthic animal communities) | |||
| * | 2003 | Williams et al. (TM, DD; echeneids [sharksuckers]; 1176-1183.) | ||
| x | 2004 | Aguilera & De Aguilera (indet. dugongids; early Mioc., Venezuela; shark predation; 376-378.) | ||
| 2004 | Smith & Mezich (TML; Manatee Springs, Florida; effects of grazing) | |||
| 2004 | Bonde et al. (sirs. as indicators of ecosystem health) | |||
| 2005 | Andre et al. (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; diet comp. w/ green turtles) | |||
| 2006 | Aragones et al. (DD; grazing optimization) | |||
| 2007 | Fertl & Fulling (DD, TM; interactions with turtles) | |||
| 2007 | Kiszka, J.J. (DD; Mayotte, Comoro Islands; associations with dolphins) | |||
| 2008 | Harr et al. (TML; Kings Bay, Florida; toxin in algal mats) | |||
| 2009 | Nico et al. (TML; Blue Spring, Florida; interactions with armored catfish) | |||
| 2010 | Gibbs et al. (TML; Blue Spring, Florida; disturbance by invasive catfish) | |||
| 2010 | Lacas et al. (Guadeloupe; ?effect of manatee grazing on primary production dynamics of Thalassia testudinum) | |||
| 2010 | Nico, L.G. (TML; Florida; association with armored catfish) | |||
| * | 2010 | Sarko et al. (fossil sirs.; body size estimation; niche partitioning) | ||
| 2011 | Ardisson et al. (Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System) | |||
| 2011 | Cramer, K. L. (Caribbean coral reef communities, Panama) | |||
| 2011 | LaCommare, K. S. (TMM; Belize; conservation & habitat ecology) | |||
| * | 2012 | Vélez-Juarbe et al. (multispecies fossil sir. communities) | ||
| * | 2012 | Butler et al. (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; traditional ecological knowledge and fisheries management; role with turtles as keystone species) | ||
| 2012 | Castelblanco-M. et al. (TMM; Chetumal Bay, Mexico; feeding ecology) | |||
| 2014 | Jimenez-D. & Olivera-G. (TMM; Usumacinta River, Mexico/Guatemala; habitat characteristics) | |||
| * | 2015 | Reich et al. (Sirs. as indirect paleo-seagrass indicators) | ||
| D | 2016 | Pyenson & Vermeij (Sirs. & desmostylians; maximum body size as indicator for productivity; 1-4.) | ||
| 2017 | Tol et al. (DD; dispersing seagrass seeds) | |||
| * | 2021 | Takoukam et al. (TS; Cameroon; habitat suitability) | ||
| * | 2021 | Nowicki, Robert J.; Thomson, Jordan A.; Fourqurean, James W.; Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; tiger sharks; effects of apex predator removal and extreme climatic events) | ||
| * | 2021 | Bullen et al. (HG; structuring of North Pacific kelp forests) | ||
| 2022 | Ng et al. (DD; Johor & Singapore Straits) | |||
| 2022 | Carvalho, Marmontel et al. (TI; resource use; 13C and 15N isotopic values) | |||
Competition: Competition: SEE Community Ecology ( 0 )
| Conservation ( 478 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Accidental Death or Injury; Economic Uses; Hunting and Capture; Weed Control) | ||||
| 1820 | Daniel, J. (TI; Brazil) | |||
| 1892 | Hartwig, G.L. | |||
| x | 1903 | Rodriguez Ferreira, A. (Trichechus; Brazil, 18th century; administration of hunting; 172-173.) | ||
| x | 1908b | Gudernatsch, J.F. (TML; Florida; fines for killing; 233.) | ||
| x | 1918 | Cuní y Valera, L.A. (TMM; Cuba; legislation, 1901; 93.) | ||
| 1921 | Gruvel, A. | |||
| 1922 | Gruvel, A. | |||
| 1925c | Petit, G. | |||
| x | 1926 | Derscheid, J.M. (TS; Congo; legislation; 30-31.) | ||
| 1928 | Herre, A.W. (DD; western Pacific) | |||
| x | 1934 | Hirasaka, K. (DD; Taiwan; 4222.) | ||
| x | 1940 | Machado, F. de P. (TI; Brazil; proposed hunting regulations; 246.) | ||
| x | 1941-43 | Pereira, M.N. (TI; Brazil; recommendations; 102, 153-154, 218, 65.) | ||
| x | 1944 | Pereira, M.N. (TI; Brazil, 92-94; Peru, m93.) | ||
| x | 1948 | Cahalane, V.H. (TML; Everglades, Florida; 258.) | ||
| x | 1954 | Lawrence, J.E. (TML; Florida; 404.) | ||
| x | 1954 | Pereira, M.N. (TI; m269, m271.) | ||
| x | 1956 | Moore, J.C. (TML; Florida; 7.) | ||
| x | 1958 | Savory, B. (DD; Tanganyika; 257-258.) | ||
| 1959c | Anon. | |||
| x | 1959 | De Silva, J.A. (DD; Sri Lanka; 173-174.) | ||
| x | 1959 | Spittel, R.L. (DD; Sri Lanka; 174-175.) | ||
| x | 1960 | Blancou, L. (TS; West Africa; 244.) | ||
| x | 1960 | Crusz, H. (DD; Sri Lanka; 302.) | ||
| x | 1960 | Jonklaas, R. (DD; Sri Lanka; 302-304.) | ||
| x | 1960 | Norris, C.E. (DD; Sri Lanka; 298-300.) | ||
| x | 1960 | Spittel, R.L. (DD; Sri Lanka; sanctuary; 304-305.) | ||
| x | 1961 | Jonklaas, R. (DD; Sri Lanka; 7-8.) | ||
| x | 1961 | Silas, E.G. (DD; India; m266.) | ||
| x | 1962 | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; Guyana, etc.; 1329.) | ||
| x | 1963 | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; Guyana; recommendations; 90-93.) | ||
| 1963 | Bertram, G.C.L. (TMM; Guyana) | |||
| x | 1963 | Pfeffer, P. (DD; Indonesia; 150-151.) | ||
| x | 1964a | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; Guyana; 119-120.) | ||
| x | 1964 | Cansdale, G. (TS; Ghana; status; 170-171.) | ||
| 1965 | Crowe, P.K. | |||
| 1965a | Deraniyagala, P.E.P. | |||
| x | 1965 | Harrisson, T. (DD; Borneo, Sabah; status; 103.) | ||
| x | 1966a | Bertram & Bertram (DD; Australia; 938-939.) | ||
| x | 1966b | Bertram & Bertram (sirs.; gen. acc.; 213-217.) | ||
| x | 1966c | Bertram & Bertram (DD; Australia; 221-222.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Funaioli & Simonetta (DD; Somali Republic; 317.) | ||
| 1966 | Jones, S. (DD; Indopacific) | |||
| 1967 | Anon. | |||
| x | 1967 | Browder, J. (TML; Florida; 3-5, 34.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Carvalho, J.C. de M. (TI; Brazil; exploitation; 25-27, 31, 33.) | ||
| x | 1967a | Jones, S. (DD; India; 220.) | ||
| x | 1967 | MacLaren, J.P. (Trichechus; Panama Canal Zone; legislation; 393.) | ||
| x | 1967 | Welsby, T. (DD; Moreton Bay, Queensland; fishing season, 1: 102, 107-108, 2: 241; prohibition of harpooning, 1: 107, 2: 240-241.) | ||
| x | 1968a | Bertram & Bertram (Trichechus, 388-389, 393; DD, 390, 393.) | ||
| x | 1968b | Bertram & Bertram (sirs.; gen. acc.; 423-426.) | ||
| x | 1968 | Grimwood, I.R. (TI; Peru; exploitation; 418.) | ||
| x | 1969 | Anon. (DD; Australia; hunting banned; 90.) | ||
| x | 1969 | Curry-Lindahl, K. (DD, TS; protected under African Conservation Convention; 122.) | ||
| 1969 | De Silva, G.S. | |||
| x | 1969 | Grimwood, I.R. (TI; Peru; exploitation; 61.) | ||
| x | 1970a | Bertram & Bertram (DD; Sri Lanka; 53-55.) | ||
| x | 1970b | Bertram & Bertram (DD; Sri Lanka; 362-364.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Charnock-Wilson, J. (TMM; Belize; 236.) | ||
| 1971 | Bertram & Bertram | |||
| x | 1971 | Hoffmann, T.W. (DD; Sri Lanka; legislation; 182.) | ||
| x | 1971 | Hughes & Oxley-Oxland (DD; Mozambique; 300-301.) | ||
| x | 1971 | Randall, J.E. (DD; Tanzania; m12.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Coimbra-Filho, A.F. (Trichechus; Brazil; 82-87.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Dupuy, A.R. (TS; Senegal; in national park; 780.) | ||
| x | 1972a | Hartman, D.S. (TML; Florida; 21-22.) | ||
| 1972b | Hartman, D.S. | |||
| x | * | 1972 | Heinsohn, G.E. (DD; Queensland; 205, 212.) | |
| 1972 | Mittermeier, R.A. | |||
| x | * | 1973 | Bertram & Bertram (sir. distr., status, & threats, 297-328; legislation & prospects, 330-333, 336.) | |
| x | 1973 | Cantley, R. (DD; Australia; 34-35, 52.) | ||
| x | 1973 | Kaiser, H.E. (sirs.; gen. acc.; 4-6.) | ||
| 1973 | O'Keefe, M.T. (Blue Spring, Florida; refuge) | |||
| x | 1973 | Poche, R. (TS; Niger; ?extinct; 218.) | ||
| x | 1974a | Anon. (Florida; manatee refuge established; 10.) | ||
| x | * | 1974 | Bertram, G.C.L. (current status of sirs.; recommendations; 1-19.) | |
| 1974 | Caldwell, D.K. | |||
| x | 1974a | Hartman, D.S. (TML; Florida; legislation, 210-212; threats, 213-222; recommendations, 223-237.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Mondolfi, E. (TMM; Venezuela; 13, 16-18.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Sanger, C. (Guyana; manatee research center; 23.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Sikes, S. (TS; Nigeria; 466-470.) | ||
| 1974a | Spurgeon, D. | |||
| x | 1975a | Anon. (Florida; manatee survey established; 12-13.) | ||
| x | 1975 | Bertram & Sale (DD; East Africa; report of meeting; 389-390.) | ||
| 1975 | Bertram, G.C.L. | |||
| 1975 | Edelbrock, J. | |||
| x | 1975a | Husar, S.L. (DD; pop. acc.; 15-18.) | ||
| 1975c | Husar, S.L. | |||
| x | 1975 | Whitfield & Farrington (TM; Florida & Guyana; legislation; 37-43.) | ||
| x | 1976 | Campbell, H.W. (conservation & research on sirs.; 3-9.) | ||
| 1976 | Carr, A. | |||
| x | 1976 | Heinsohn & Wake (DD; Fraser Is., Australia; 15-18.) | ||
| 1976 | Langham, N.P.E. (DD; Malaysia) | |||
| x | 1976 | Reynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; 214.) | ||
| 1976 | Stivens & Cerny | |||
| x | 1976 | Tinley et al. (DD; Mozambique; in reserves; 346, 348.) | ||
| x | 1976 | Wray, P. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 13-15.) | ||
| 1976? | Jones, M.P. (TM) | |||
| x | 1977 | Bertram & Bertram (Trichechus; need for captive breeding program; Guyana project; 106-108.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Heinsohn et al. (DD; Australia; 242, 245-246.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Lovisek, J. (TI; pop. acc.; 62-64.) | ||
| x | 1978 | Anderson & Birtles (DD; Queensland; 19, 21.) | ||
| 1978-82 | F.A.O. | |||
| 1978 | Grainger, D. (TM) | |||
| x | 1978a | Heinsohn, G.E. (DD; Australia; pop. acc.; 26-30.) | ||
| x | 1978 | Stewart, D. (TM; pop. acc.; 113-118.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Caton, A. (DD; Australia; pop. acc.; 1-4.) | ||
| 1979b | Finnley, D. | |||
| x | 1979 | Harper, H. (TML; Florida; news reporting; 16.) | ||
| 1979 | Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea) | |||
| x | 1979 | Klein, E.H. (TMM; Honduras; legislation & status; 21-28.) | ||
| 1979 | Leahy, T.M. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1979 | Leccese, M. (TML; Florida; refuges established) | |||
| 1979 | Mackey, D.J. (TML; Florida; 14-17.) | |||
| 1979 | Parker, F. (DD; Papua New Guinea) | |||
| x | 1979 | Twiss, J.R., Jr. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 10-17.) | ||
| 1979 | Vaz-Ferreira, R. (Trichechus; Latin America) | |||
| x | 1980a | Anon. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 49.) | ||
| x | 1980b | Anon. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 97-98, 100.) | ||
| 1980d | Anon. (DD) | |||
| x | 1980 | Ayres & Best (TI; Brazil; 83-85, 90-92.) | ||
| 1980 | Barile, D.D. (TML; Florida) | |||
| x | 1980 | Bertram, G.C.L. (sirs.; gen. acc.; 219-221.) | ||
| 1980 | Finnley, D. | |||
| x | * | 1980a | Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; report on conservation & education program; 1-102.) | |
| x | 1980 | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia; implications of life history; 199.) | ||
| 1980 | Norkin, M. | |||
| 1980 | Raloff, J. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1980 | Reddick, J. | |||
| x | 1980 | Telander, R. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 30-35.) | ||
| x | 1981a | Anderson, P.K. (DD; conservation & behavior; 640-647.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Bertram, G.C.L. (DD; past abundance & prospects; 1-7.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Bingham, B. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 91.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Brownell, Anderson et al. (DD; Palau; 24, 35-39.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Brownell, Ralls & Reeves (TML; Florida; recommendations; 15-16.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Chase, A. (DD; Australia; in Aboriginal cultural context; 112-122.) | ||
| x | 1981a | Domning, D.P. (TI, TM; Brazil; 94-96.) | ||
| x | 1981a | Heinsohn, G.E. (DD; Queensland; 55-56.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Hendrokusumo et al. (DD; Indonesia; legislation; 10.) | ||
| x | 1981b | Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; conservation & public education program; 123-141.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Jones, S. (DD; India & Sri Lanka; 50-52.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Marsh et al. (DD; Wellesley Islands, Australia; 261, 264-266.) | ||
| x | 1981a | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia & Papua New Guinea; 205-216.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Prince et al. (DD; Western Australia; 84-85.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Santiapillai, C. (DD; Sri Lanka; 6.) | ||
| x | 1981a | Smith, N.J.H. (TI, TM; Brazil; 184-186.) | ||
| x | 1982b | Anon. (Florida; school workshops; m9.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Barnett & Johns (DD; Queensland; 518-520.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Best & Teixeira (TMM; Amap , Brazil; status & protected areas; 43, 45.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Bonde, R.K. (TML; Florida; accidental mortality; pop. acc.; 3-5.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Bradford, D. (TML; Florida; public opinion survey; 9.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Dick, T.M. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 19-22.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Fletemeyer, J. (TML; Florida; sonar monitoring; 296-299.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Marsh & Heinsohn (DD; Australia & Papua New Guinea; 4-5.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Nishiwaki et al. (TS; West Africa; 146.) | ||
| 1982 | Reilly, P. (TML; Florida) | |||
| x | 1983 | Gluckman & Hamann (list of relevant U.S. & Florida laws & regulations; 174-184.) | ||
| x | 1983a | Gluckman, D. (U.S. & Florida laws & education programs re: manatees; 233-252.) | ||
| x | 1983b | Gluckman, D. (U.S. & Florida laws re: water quality & weed control; 253-273.) | ||
| x | 1983c | Gluckman, D. (U.S. & Florida acquisition programs for manatee habitat; 274-301.) | ||
| x | 1983d | Gluckman, D. (U.S. National Environmental Policy Act & manatee protection; 317-320.) | ||
| x | 1983a | Hamann, R. (laws re: marina & dock construction & dredging in Florida; 185-232.) | ||
| x | 1983b | Hamann, R. (Florida laws re: spring flow at winter manatee refuges; 302-309.) | ||
| x | 1983c | Hamann, R. (U.S. Endangered Species Act & Marine Mammal Protection Act in relation to manatees; 310-316.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Kinnaird & Valade (TML; Jacksonville, Florida; recommendations; 15.) | ||
| x | 1983a | Kinnaird, M.F. (TML; northeastern Florida; recommendations; 51-52.) | ||
| x | 1983b | Kinnaird, M.F. (TML; Florida; strategies to reduce boat-related mortality, 1-19; propeller guard designs, 20-43.) | ||
| x | 1983c | Kinnaird, M.F. (TML; Florida; reduction of boat-related mortality; 36-37.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Marsh, H. (DD; Vanuatu; 1-5.) | ||
| 1983a | Packard, J.M. (TML; Crystal R., Florida; research & management plan) | |||
| * | 1983b | Packard, J.M. (TML; Crystal R., Florida; research & management plan) | ||
| x | 1983 | Puckett, C. (Citrus Co., Florida; public attitudes re: manatees; 321-346.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Tisdell, C.A. (DD; Papua New Guinea; hunting & economy; 14-15.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Colmenero-R., L.C. (TMM; Mexico; legislation; 244-245, 249.) | ||
| x | 1984 | DiPerna, P. (TML; Florida; captive breeding; pop. acc.; 16-17.) | ||
| x | 1984 | Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; decline of traditional conservation practices; pop. acc.; 298-301.) | ||
| 1984 | Johnson & Yablokov | |||
| x | 1984 | Marsh, Heinsohn & Marsh (DD; Australia; implications of population dynamics; 785.) | ||
| 1985a | Anon. (DD; Australia) | |||
| x | 1985 | Baldwin, C.L. (DD; Australia; management needs; 1-20.) | ||
| x | 1985b | Domning, D.P. (TML; Florida; habitat protection; [2].) | ||
| x | 1985 | Kenchington, R.A. (DD; Great Barrier Reef, Australia; 89-90.) | ||
| x | 1985 | MacKenzie, D. (UNEP marine mammal conservation plan; 4.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Rathbun, Woods & Ottenwalder (TM; Haiti; 235-236.) | ||
| 1986a | Anon. (TM, TI; Brazil) | |||
| x | 1986 | Baldwin, C.L. (DD; Queensland; 206-212.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Colmenero-R. & Hoz-Z. (TM; Mexico; 1009-1013.) | ||
| 1986c | Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; traditional hunting) | |||
| x | * | 1986 | Packard & Wetterqvist (TML; northwestern Florida; habitat evaluation; 279-310.) | |
| x | 1986 | Ray & Domning (TML; Florida; 77-78.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Timm et al. (TI; Ecuador; 154-156.) | ||
| x | 1986 | Tisdell, C.A. (DD; Australia & Papua New Guinea; 102-104.) | ||
| 1987 | Baldwin & Hunnam (DD; Australia) | |||
| x | 1987 | Reynolds & Wilcox (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 263-269.) | ||
| 1988 | Anderson, G.R.V. (DD; Australia) | |||
| x | 1988 | Bulman, P. (TML; Florida; enforcement of boat speed laws; 23.) | ||
| 1988 | James, P.S.B.R. (DD; India) | |||
| x | 1988a | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia; 18.) | ||
| 1988d | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia) | |||
| x | * | 1988e | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia; importance of marine parks; 495-502.) | |
| x | 1988 | O'Shea et al. (TMM; Venezuela; 282, 291-293, 298-299.) | ||
| x | 1988a | O'Shea, T.J. (TML; Florida; needs & justifications; 191-192.) | ||
| 1988 | Prince, R.I.T. (DD; Western Australia) | |||
| x | 1988 | Reeves et al. (TS; Sierra Leone; 82-84.) | ||
| * | 1988 | Reynolds & Gluckman (TML; Florida) | ||
| x | 1988 | Tucker & Puddicombe (DD; Australia; 82-83.) | ||
| 1988 | Howell, K.M. (DD; Tanzania; conservation) | |||
| x | 1989 | Chambers & Bani (DD; Vanuatu; 13-14.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Leatherwood & Reeves (DD; Sri Lanka; 7, 82, 90-91.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Packard et al. (TML; Ft. Myers, Florida; implications of power-plant shutdowns; installation of warm-water wells for manatees; 699-700.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Palmer, D. (TML; Georgia; construction of artificial warm-water refugium; 7.) | ||
| x | * | 1989 | Preen et al. (DD; Arabian region; 1-43.) | |
| x | * | 1989a | Preen, A. (DD; Arabian region; 1-200.) | |
| x | 1989 | Timm et al. (TI; Ecuador; conservation practices of Siona Indians; 5-6.) | ||
| 1990 | Bernardes et al. (TI; Brazil; considered endangered) | |||
| 1990 | Gilbrook, M.J. (TML; Florida; Geogr. Information Systems applications) | |||
| 1990 | Houhoulis, P. (TML; Florida; Geogr. Information Systems applications) | |||
| 1990 | Kautz, R.S. (TML; Florida; Geogr. Information Systems applications) | |||
| 1990 | Osborn, R.G. (TML; Florida; Geogr. Information Systems applications) | |||
| * | 1990 | Reynolds & Haddad (TML; Florida; Geogr. Information Systems Workshop) | ||
| x | 1990 | Smith & Marsh (DD; Queensland; management of traditional hunting; 47-55.) | ||
| x | 1990a | Turner, R.O. (TML; Florida; new sanctuary established; 10.) | ||
| x | 1990b | Turner, R.O. (TML; Florida; legislation; 7.) | ||
| 1990 | Weigle & Haddad (TML; Florida; Geogr. Information Systems applications) | |||
| x | 1991b | Anon. (TMM, TI; Brazil; 221.) | ||
| 1991 | Colmenero-R., L.C. (TMM; Mexico; recovery plan) | |||
| x | 1991c | Domning, D.P. (Trichechus; justifications; 167-173.) | ||
| x | 1991 | O'Shea & Salisbury (TMM; Belize; 160-163.) | ||
| 1991 | Vallee, J.D. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1991 | Zoodsma et al. (TML; Georgia) | |||
| x | 1992a | Anon. (Save the Manatee Club-Florida Audubon controversy; 89.) | ||
| x | 1992 | Borobia & Lodi (TMM; northeastern Brazil; 40-42.) | ||
| x | 1992 | Marmontel et al. (TM, TI; implications of reproductive biology; 308-309.) | ||
| 1992b | Pinto de Lima et al. (TMM; Brazil) | |||
| x | 1992 | Shackley, M. (TML; Florida; effects of tourism; 257-265.) | ||
| x | 1993a | Anon. (DD; India; m42.) | ||
| x | 1993 | Marsh et al. (DD; Australia & Oceania; 232-234.) | ||
| 1993 | Smith, K.N. (TML; Florida; threats to seagrass habitats) | |||
| x | 1993 | Turner & Buckingham (TML; Georgia; manatee protection plan for Naval Submarine Base; 1, 10-11.) | ||
| x | 1993 | Vermeij, G.J. (HG; implications of biogeography and extinction; 392-394.) | ||
| 1993 | Vidal, O. (Trichechus; Latin America) | |||
| 1993 | Ward & Weigle (TML; Florida; GIS applications) | |||
| x | 1993 | Yokel, B.J. (Florida; settlement of Florida Audubon Soc.-Save the Manatee Committee lawsuit; 2, 19.) | ||
| 1994 | Vallee, J.D. (TML; Florida; boat collisions) | |||
| x | 1994 | Anderson, I. (DD; Oyster Point, Queensland; resort construction threat to habitat; 7.) | ||
| x | 1994 | Brooks, L.S. (TML; Florida; Manatee Information Radio established in Crystal River; 33.) | ||
| 1994 | Cook, C. (DD; Australia; traditional hunting rights) | |||
| * | 1994 | Marsh & Lefebvre (review) | ||
| x | 1994 | Ponte et al. (DD; Queensland; traditional hunting rights; 260-261.) | ||
| x | 1994 | Rosas, F.C.W. (TI, TM; Brazil; legislation; 57.) | ||
| x | 1994 | Ross, A. (DD; Queensland; traditional hunting rights; 22-26.) | ||
| 1994 | Wallace, R.L. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1995 | Mondolfi, E. (TM; Venezuela; conservation action plan) | |||
| x | 1995 | Ackerman et al. (TML; Florida; mortality reduction measures; 246, 252, 256.) | ||
| x | 1995 | Kettembeil, S. (DD; threats to survival; pop. acc.; 29.) | ||
| x | 1995 | Marsh et al. (DD; Palau; extinction foreseen; 88.) | ||
| x | * | 1995 | O'Shea, T.J. (TML; Florida; conflicts with waterborne recreation; 297-311.) | |
| x | 1995 | Preen & Marsh (DD; Queensland; mortality from floods exacerbated by poor land use practices; 518.) | ||
| x | 1995 | Reynolds et al. (TMM; Costa Rica; 193-196.) | ||
| 1995 | Ridgway, S.H. | |||
| * | 1995 | U.N.E.P. (TM; regional management plan) | ||
| 1996 | Slater & Stokes (DD; Shoalwater Bay, Queensland, Australia; management plan) | |||
| x | 1996b | Anon. (Sarasota Co., Florida; study of compliance with speed zone regulations; 5.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Arnold, D.W. (TML; efforts by State of Florida; 6-7.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Behler, D.A. (TML; Florida; adoption program; 1996 die-off; 16.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Boice, L.P. (TM; Georgia, Puerto Rico; efforts by U.S. Navy; 3-4.) | ||
| 1996a | Seifert, D.D. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 1996 | Kirk, G. (early attempts, 1755 & later; 8-9.) | |||
| x | 1996 | Pain, S. (TML; Florida; protectyive devices on flood-control gates; 22.) | ||
| 1996 | Persoon & De Iongh (DD; Indonesia) | |||
| x | 1996 | Reeves et al. (TI; Peru; 247, 252-253.) | ||
| 1996 | Roberts et al. (DD; North Queensland; monitoring Aboriginal hunting) | |||
| 1996 | Marsh, H. (DD; Queensland; sustainable use) | |||
| 1997 | Dutton, T.P. (DD; Africa) | |||
| x | 1997b | Anon. (TML; Florida; boat speed zone enforcement; 756.) | ||
| x | * | 1997 | Marmontel et al. (TML; Florida; population viability projections; 475-478.) | |
| x | 1997 | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia; gen. acc.; 50-57.) | ||
| x | 1997 | Marsh, Harris & Lawler (DD; Torres Strait; 1384-1385.) | ||
| 1997 | Ojeda-C., M.M. (TMM; Venezuela) | |||
| x | 1997 | Preen et al. (DD; Australia; expansion of Shark Bay Marine Park recommended; 205-207.) | ||
| * | 1998 | Auil, N.E. (TMM; Belize manatee recovery plan) | ||
| x | 1998 | Gerber, Leah R. (Recent sirs.; m90-92.) | ||
| 1998 | Paludo, D. (TMM; northeast Brazil; ecology & conservation) | |||
| x | 1998 | Liu, Z. (DD; China; legislation, dugong reserve; 209-210.) | ||
| x | 1998 | Preen, A.R. (DD; Indian Ocean coast, Australia; marine protected areas; 173-181.) | ||
| 1998 | Haynes et al. (DD; Great Barrier Reef; protection areas) | |||
| 1999 | Marsh et al. (DD; Australia; conservation strategy) | |||
| 1999b | Dodman, T. (TS; status) | |||
| 1999a | Dodman, T. (TS) | |||
| 1999 | Kendall, S. (TI; Colombia; environmental education) | |||
| x | 1999 | Ambrose, P. (DD; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia; new sanctuary area; m235-236.) | ||
| x | 1999 | Bossart, G.D. (TML; Florida; gen. acc.; 1178-1183.) | ||
| 1999 | Brown, S.R. | |||
| 1999 | De Iongh, H.H. (DD; design of marine reserves) | |||
| 1999 | Driscoll, C.P. | |||
| 1999 | Monti & Wollrab | |||
| x | 1999 | Smethurst & Nietschmann (TMM; Costa Rica; 271-273.) | ||
| 1999 | Wallace & Clark | |||
| 1999 | Hope Vale Aboriginal Community (DD; Hope Vale, Australia; hunting management plan) | |||
| 1999 | De Iongh, H.H. (DD; Indonesia; marine reserves) | |||
| x | 2000 | Lefebvre et al. (TML; Florida, Puerto Rico; use of seagrasses; 296-297.) | ||
| x | 2000 | Adams, J.L., Jr. (TML; doubts about the need for increased protection; 60.) | ||
| x | 2000 | Anon. (DD; Australia; protection strengthened; 467.) | ||
| 2000 | Marsh, H. (DD; Great Barrier Reef, Australia; mortality in nets) | |||
| x | 2000 | Rathbun & Wallace (TML; conservation issues; 108-111.) | ||
| 2001 | Jackson et al. (DD, HG; overfishing) | |||
| 2001 | Schulman, M. (DD; Great Barrier Reef, Australia) | |||
| 2001 | Ota, H. | |||
| * | 2001 | Lefebvre et al. (TML, TMM; status & biogeography) | ||
| 2001 | Ackerman & Powell (TML; Florida) | |||
| x | * | 2001 | O'Shea et al. (TML; Florida; injury & suffering; population biology; 31-43.) | |
| 2001 | Ota, H. | |||
| 2001 | Schulman, M. (DD; Great Barrier Reef, Australia) | |||
| x | 2001 | Zastrow & Jaquette (Florida; marina permitting; 23-27.) | ||
| * | 2001 | IBAMA (TI, TMM; Brazil; conservation action plan) | ||
| 2001 | Preen, A.R. (DD; Queensland; boat-traffic management) | |||
| 2001b | Anon. (TMM; Mexico) | |||
| 2002 | Tisdell, C.A. (DD; Australia) | |||
| 2002 | Jiménez P., I. (TMM; Nicaragua; poaching) | |||
| x | 2002 | Ashley, G. (TML; Florida; boat collisions & regulations; 8.) | ||
| 2002 | Tisdell, C.A. (DD; Australia) | |||
| x | 2002 | Verdon, M. (TML; Florida; conflicts with boaters; 89-94.) | ||
| 2002 | Wright et al. (TML; Tampa Bay, Florida) | |||
| 2002 | Cox et al. (Florida; proposed re-evaluation of rare species) | |||
| * | 2002 | Marsh et al. (DD; status reports & action plans) | ||
| 2003 | Thoisy et al. (TM; French Guiana) | |||
| 2003 | Jiménez P., I. (TMM; Nicaragua & Costa Rica) | |||
| 2003 | Kendall & Orozco (TI; Colombia) | |||
| 2003 | Aipanjiguly et al. (TML; Tampa Bay, Florida; attitudes of boaters) | |||
| 2003 | Marsh et al. (strategies) | |||
| 2003 | Marsh, Penrose & Eros (DD) | |||
| 2003 | Sorice et al. (TML; Florida; defining harassment; 319-338.) | |||
| 2003 | Vallee, J.D. (TML; Florida; pop. acc.; 60-62.) | |||
| 2004 | Allen et al. (DD; New South Wales) | |||
| 2004 | McGill, T. (Florida; anti-manatee tract) | |||
| 2004 | King & Heinen (TML; Crystal & Homosassa Rivers, Florida; harassment by swimmers) | |||
| 2004 | Pittman, C. (TML; Florida; controversies) | |||
| 2004 | Marsh et al. (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; fishery unsustainable) | |||
| * | 2004 | Heinsohn, R., et al. (DD; Torres Strait & Cape York, Australia; population viability analyses) | ||
| * | 2004 | Gorzelany, J.F. (Gulf Coast of Florida; boater compliance with manatee speed zones) | ||
| 2004 | Pittman, C. (TML; Florida) | |||
| 2005 | Perrin et al. (eds.) (DD; Southeast Asia; conservation) | |||
| 2005 | Castelblanco-M., Holguín, & Zapata (TMM; Colombia) | |||
| x | 2005 | Anonymous (DD; Tanzania; 492.) | ||
| * | 2005b | Laist & Reynolds (TML; Florida; future of warm-water refuges) | ||
| 2005 | Kwan, D. (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; management of traditional fishery) | |||
| 2005 | Chilvers et al. (DD; Moreton Bay, Queensland) | |||
| 2005 | Fernandes et al. (DD; Great Barrier Reef) | |||
| 2005 | Havemann et al. (DD; Great Barrier Reef; traditional hunting agreements) | |||
| 2005b | Hines et al. (DD; Thailand) | |||
| 2006 | Sorice et al. (TML; management as tourism attraction) | |||
| 2006 | Laist & Shaw (TML; Florida; boat speed restrictions and mortality) | |||
| 2006 | Maitland et al. (DD; Burrum Heads, Queensland, Australia; risk of boat strike) | |||
| 2006 | Vianna et al. (Trichechus spp.; phylogeography & hybridization) | |||
| 2007 | Wang et al. (DD; Hainan Province, China; status) | |||
| * | 2007 | Lowry et al. (TML, TMM; Florida, Puerto Rico; conservation status & history of U.S. listing) | ||
| 2007 | Grech & Marsh (DD; Australia; population model) | |||
| 2007 | Dodman et al. (TS; conservation strategy) | |||
| 2007 | Shirakihara et al. (DD; southern Japan) | |||
| 2007 | Ilangakoon & Tun (DD; Myanmar) | |||
| 2007 | Bearzi, G. | |||
| 2007 | De Iongh & Bal (IUCN Red List criteria) | |||
| 2007 | Morris et al. (TML; boater outreach program) | |||
| 2007c | Borges et al. (TMM; Brazil; threats and injuries from motorboats) | |||
| * | 2007 | Quintana-R. & Reynolds (TM; regional management plan) | ||
| 2007 | Hodgson et al. (DD; Australia; use of acoustic alarms to prevent accidental netting) | |||
| 2008 | Rodas-Trejo et al. (TMM; Chiapas, Mexico) | |||
| 2008 | Daley et al. (DD; Queensland, Australia; history of commercial fishery) | |||
| 2008 | Hines et al. (DD; Cambodia & Vietnam) | |||
| 2008 | Grech & Marsh (DD; risk assessment) | |||
| 2008 | Dobbs et al. (DD; protected area, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) | |||
| 2008 | Grech et al. (DD; bycatch assessment) | |||
| 2008 | Luna et al. (TMM; Brazil; conservation status) | |||
| 2008 | Schipper et al. (status of world's marine mammals) | |||
| 2009 | Evans et al. (participatory adaptive management; Kings Bay, Florida) | |||
| 2009 | Simberloff, D. (participative adaptive management) | |||
| 2009 | Calvimontes, J. (TI; Brazil) | |||
| 2009 | UNEP/CMS (TS; conservation action plan) | |||
| 2009a | Castelblanco-M. et al. (TMM; Orinoco R., Colombia) | |||
| 2009 | Choi et al. (TMM; Brazil; design of refuge area) | |||
| 2010 | Calvimontes & Marmontel (TI; Brazil; ethnobiology) | |||
| * | 2010 | Pittman, C. (TML; Florida; historical account) | ||
| 2010 | Luna & Passavante (Trichechus, Brazil; history of conservation by Instituto Chico Mendes) | |||
| 2010 | Rajamani & Marsh (DD; Malaysia) | |||
| 2010 | McCook et al. (Australia, Great Barrier Reef; adaptive management) | |||
| 2010 | McCook et al. (Australia, Great Barrier Reef; adaptive management) | |||
| 2010 | Jett & Thapa (TML; Florida; speed zone compliance by boaters) | |||
| 2010 | Garbin & Mann (potential impacts of bridge construction on manatee mating area in Florida) | |||
| 2011 | D'Souza & Patankar (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India) | |||
| 2011 | Ardisson et al. (Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System) | |||
| 2011 | Martin et al. (TML; Florida; sea level rise) | |||
| * | 2011 | Campagna et al. (TM; Gulf of Mexico; oil spill) | ||
| 2011 | Auil Gomez, N. E. (TMM; Belize) | |||
| 2011 | LaCommare, K. S. (TMM; Belize; conservation & habitat ecology) | |||
| 2011 | Ferreira et al. (Dugong, Trichechus; forensic genetics) | |||
| 2011 | Kuntner et al. (Afrotheria; phylogeny & conservation) | |||
| 2011 | Wilson et al. (TML; anti-Müllerian hormone; effects of stress) | |||
| 2011 | Grech et al. | |||
| 2011 | Nourisson et al. (TMM; Mexico; genetic diversity) | |||
| 2012 | Bonde et al. (TM; genetics) | |||
| 2012 | Luna et al. (TMM; northeast Brazil; phylogeography; release) | |||
| * | 2012 | Deutsch & Reynolds (TML; status & conservation issues) | ||
| 2012 | Jett et al. (TML; Florida; boater speed-zone compliance) | |||
| 2012 | Aquino et al. (DD; Philippines; Red List status; 144-150.) | |||
| 2012 | Rosa de Oliveira et al. (South America; genetics, population biology, phylogeography) | |||
| 2012 | Oppenheimer & BenDor (TML; management of biofouling) | |||
| 2012 | Castelblanco-M., Padilla-S., et al. (TMM; Chetumal Bay, Mexico & Belize; movement patterns, habitat use) | |||
| 2012 | Seidman, D. (diatribe against the Save the Manatee Club) | |||
| * | 2012 | Hines et al. (eds.) | ||
| 2012 | Self-Sullivan & Mignucci-Giannoni (TM; Caribbean Sea; distribution & status) | |||
| * | 2012 | Marmontel et al. (TI; South America; distribution & status) | ||
| * | 2012 | Kouadio, A. (TS; West Africa; distribution & status.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Ikeda & Mukai (DD; Japan; distribution & status) | ||
| x | 2012 | Appeltans et al. (sirenian species diversity; 2195, 2197, Table S2.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Muir & Kiszka (DD; East Africa; distribution & status) | ||
| * | 2012 | Preen et al. (DD; Arabia; distribution & status) | ||
| * | 2012 | Dobbs et al. (DD; Australia; distribution & status) | ||
| * | 2012 | Ortega-Argueta et al. (use of interviews in sir. research) | ||
| * | 2012 | Marmontel, Reid, et al. (tagging techniques & movement of sirs.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Beck & Clementz (Techniques for determining food habits of sirenians.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Stamper & Bonde (TM; health assessment techniques) | ||
| * | 2012 | Bonde, Mignucci-Giannoni, & Bossart (pathology & mortality assessment) | ||
| * | 2012 | Reynolds & Marshall (physical traits, life history, & vulnerability of sirs.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Moraes-Arraut et al. (Habitat assessment) | ||
| * | 2012 | Parr et al. (Sir. genetics & demography) | ||
| * | 2012 | Reynolds et al. (utility & design of aerial surveys for sirs.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Wetzel et al. (Organic contaminants) | ||
| * | 2012 | Marsh & Morales-Vela (guidelines for developing protected areas for sirs.) | ||
| * | 2012 | Von Zharen, W. M. (role of law in protecting sirs. & their habitats) | ||
| 2012 | Castelblanco-M., Nourisson, et al. (TMM; population viability) | |||
| x | 2012 | Dewar, H. (TML; Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge, Florida; gen. acc.; 4.) | ||
| 2012 | Tucker et al. (TML; Florida; low genetic diversity; population structure) | |||
| 2012 | UNEP/CMS (TS; West Africa) | |||
| * | 2012a | Hines, E. (DD; Asia; distribution & status) | ||
| * | 2012b | Aragones et al. (boat- & land-based surveys of distribution) | ||
| * | 2012b | Hines, E. (framework for sir. conservation in developing countries) | ||
| * | 2012c | Aragones et al. (working with communities for sir. conservation) | ||
| 2013 | Sivakumar, K. (DD; India) | |||
| 2013 | Ogogo et al. (TS; South Nigeria; ecology & status) | |||
| 2013 | Kendall, S. (TI; Colombia) | |||
| 2013 | Flamm et al. (TML; southwestern Florida; managing warm-water habitat) | |||
| 2013 | Sousa et al. (TI, TMM; Marajó Island, Brazil; ecological knowledge of fishermen) | |||
| 2013 | Laist et al. (TML; Florida; warm-water refuges) | |||
| 2013 | Rajamani, L. (DD; Sulu Sea, Malaysia; community knowledge & conservation) | |||
| 2013 | Mayaka et al. (TS; Cameroon; conservation & ethnobiology) | |||
| * | 2013 | Pozo-Montuy, G. (TM; Mexico; plan for free-range conservation) | ||
| 2015 | Castelblanco et al. (TI, TM; Colombia) | |||
| 2015 | Silva, Montes & Elias (TI; Peru) | |||
| 2017 | Hashim, M. et al. (DD; Johor Straits, Malaysia) | |||
| * | 2017 | Nganvongpanit et al. (DD; Thailand; identification of tusks by X-ray fluorescence) | ||
| 2017 | Pilcher et al. (DD; survey questionnaire) | |||
| 2017 | Ferrer et al. (TM, Venezuela; plan of action for 2017-2027: 36-41.) | |||
| * | 2017 | Runge et al. (TML; status & threats analysis) | ||
| 2017 | Bonde & Flint | |||
| 2017 | Carr & Milstein | |||
| 2017 | Boede & Mujica-Jorquera (TMM; Venezuela) | |||
| 2017 | Moore et al. (DD; Indonesia; economic use, folklore) | |||
| * | 2018 | Carr& Milstein (TML; Florida; critique of preserving power plants as thermal refuges) | ||
| * | 2018a | Alvarez-Alemán et al. (TMM; Cuba) | ||
| 2019 | Nasr et al. (DD; Red Sea; status) | |||
| 2019 | Machuca-C. & Corona-F. (TMM; Guatemala) | |||
| 2019 | Crema, Da Silva, & Piedade (TI; riverine people's knowledge) | |||
| 2019 | Guevara Porras et al. (TMM; Campeche, Mexico; community participation) | |||
| 2019 | Domínguez-Tejo (TMM; Hispaniola; history & conservation status) | |||
| * | 2020 | Petcharat & Lee (DD; Thailand; nonuse value) | ||
| 2020 | Robles-Herrejón et al. (TMM; Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico; management effectiveness) | |||
| * | 2020 | Kendall, S. | ||
| 2020 | Ortega-Argueta & Castelblanco-Martínez (TMM; Mexico; captive breeding & conservation) | |||
| 2021 | Alvarez-Aleman, A. (TMM; Cuba; causes of mortality) | |||
| 2021 | Grace et al. (global standard for measuring species recovery) | |||
| 2021 | Brum et al. (TI; Amazonia) | |||
| * | 2021 | Lazensky et al. (TML; Florida; mortality increase; proteomic approach) | ||
| 2021 | Lima et al. (TM; discordant taxonomic and evolutionary units) | |||
| 2021 | Attademo, Luna et al. (TMM; Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) | |||
| * | 2021 | Hieb et al. (TM; threats from bridge construction) | ||
| 2022 | Ng et al. (DD; Johor & Singapore Straits; community ecology) | |||
| 2022 | Meirelles et al. (TMM; Brazil; conservation status) | |||
| ???? | Contreras Fleury et al. (TM; Mexico; conservation status) | |||
| Cornwalliidae Shikama, 1957 ( 3 ) | ||||
| D | 1957a | Shikama, T. | ||
| D | 1957b | Shikama, T. | ||
| x | D | 1986 | Domning et al. (history of name; 5.) | |
| Cornwalliinae Kalandadze and Rautian, 1992 ( 1 ) | ||||
| D | * | 1992 | Kalandadze & Rautian | |
| Cornwallius Hay, 1923 ( 25 ) | ||||
| x | D | * | 1923a | Hay, O.P. (n.gen.; 106-107.) |
| x | D | 1931 | Kellogg, R. (review; 221-223.) | |
| x | D | 1941 | Kretzoi, M. (in classification; 153, 155, pl. 6.) | |
| x | D | 1941b | VanderHoof, V.L. (Baja California; Olig.; 1985.) | |
| x | D | 1945 | Simpson, G.G. (in classification; 136.) | |
| D | 1953 | Arai, J. | ||
| D | 1957 | Pronina, I.G. | ||
| x | D | 1959 | Byers, F.M. (Unalaska Is., Alaska; 289.) | |
| x | D | * | 1961 | Drewes et al. (Unalaska Is., Alaska; Olig. or Mioc.; 606-607, 667.) |
| x | D | * | 1963 | Mitchell & Repenning (chronologic & geographic range; 3-4, 10-12, 15-16.) |
| x | D | 1963 | Mitchell, E.D., Jr. (comp. w/ Paleoparadoxia; 192, 194, 197-199.) | |
| D | 1964 | Allison, E.C. | ||
| x | D | 1964 | Mitchell, E.D., Jr. (pachyostosis; 214.) | |
| x | D | 1964 | Nolan, T.B. (distr.; A137.) | |
| x | D | 1965 | Mitchell & Lipps (photo of femur; 5.) | |
| D | 1966c | Shikama, T. | ||
| x | D | 1968 | Romer, A.S. (m200.) | |
| x | D | 1970a | Reinhart, R.H. (m243.) | |
| x | D | 1972a | Domning, D.P. (distr.; 146, 149.) | |
| x | D | 1972 | Gard et al. (Aleutian Islands; m867-868.) | |
| x | D | 1975 | Reinhart, R.H. (validity reasserted; 826.) | |
| x | D | 1978b | Domning, D.P. (m107, 113, 139.) | |
| x | D | 1982 | Kleinschmidt, A. (m378-380.) | |
| x | D | 1997c | Domning, D.P. (biostratigraphic utility; m179.) | |
| D | 2009 | Jacobs et al. (comp. w/ desmostylians from Olig.-Mioc., Alaska) | ||
| Cornwallius sookensis (Cornwall, 1922) Hay, 1923 ( 21 ) | ||||
| x | D | 1917 | Kermode, F. ("Desmostylus hesperus"; Vancouver Is., Canada; 42-43, pl. 9.) | |
| x | D | * | 1923a | Hay, O.P. (n.comb.; 106.) |
| x | D | * | 1924 | Hay, O.P. (teeth; 3-8, pls. 1-2.) |
| x | D | 1931 | Kellogg, R. (synonymy; 223.) | |
| x | D | * | 1942a | VanderHoof, V.L. (Baja California; Olig.; 298-301.) |
| D | 1957 | Pronina, I.G. | ||
| x | D | * | 1963 | Mitchell & Repenning (chronologic & geographic range; 10-11.) |
| x | D | 1963 | Mitchell, E.D., Jr. (teeth; 194, 199.) | |
| x | D | 1966 | Mitchell, E.D., Jr. (m50.) | |
| D | 1966c | Shikama, T. | ||
| x | D | 1982 | Reinhart, R.H. (diagnosis & illustration of skull; 550-554.) | |
| x | D | 1986 | Applegate, S.P. (Late Olig., Baja California; 157-158.) | |
| x | D | 1986 | Domning et al. (classification & affinities; 5, 23, 26, 36, 45.) | |
| x | D | 1991 | Clark, J.M. (comp. w/ Paleoparadoxia weltoni; 490-496, 502-505.) | |
| x | D | 1993 | McAnally, L.M. (British Columbia; discovery & theft of type material; 8-9.) | |
| x | D | 1993 | Perrilliat, M. (in catalog of type specimens, Mexico; 40.) | |
| x | D | 1996 | McAnally, L.M. (British Columbia; discovery & theft of type material; 205-207.) | |
| * | 2006a | Beatty, B.L. (Vancouver Is.; new topotypic material) | ||
| D | 2006b | Beatty, B.L. (Unalaska) | ||
| D | 2007 | Jacobs et al. (unnamed desmostylians; Unalaska; earliest Mioc.?) | ||
| D | * | 2009 | Beatty, B.L. (Late Olig., Oregon) | |
| Cornwallius tabatai Tokunaga, 1939 ( 6 ) | ||||
| D | * | 1939a | Tokunaga, S. | |
| D | 1966c | Shikama, T. | ||
| x | D | 1986 | Domning et al. (m5.) | |
| x | D | 1991 | Clark, J.M. (syn. of Paleoparadoxia tabatai; m490, 494.) | |
| D | 2007 | Hasegawa, Yoshikazu; Kohno, Naoki (neotype designation) | ||
| x | D | * | 2009 | ICZN (proposed designation of a neotype not accepted; 295-296.) |
| Corystosiren Domning, 1990 ( 3 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1990b | Domning, D.P. (n.gen.; Plioc., Mexico & Florida; 361.) | |
| x | 1991 | Domning & de Buffrénil (pachyosteosclerosis; 361, 363.) | ||
| 2018 | Domning, D.P. (Aff. Corystosiren sp.; Mioc.; Maryland, North Carolina; 255-257.) | |||
| Corystosiren varguezi Domning, 1990 ( 6 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1990b | Domning, D.P. (n.gen.n.sp.; Plioc., Mexico & Florida; 361-371.) | |
| x | 1991 | Toledo & Domning (comp. w/ Dioplotherium cf. allisoni, 124; comp. w/ cf. Rytiodus, 133, 135.) | ||
| x | 1992 | Hulbert, R.C., Jr. (Florida; in checklist; 29.) | ||
| x | 1997 | Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 224, 226.) | ||
| x | 1997b | Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 398, 409.) | ||
| 2012 | Vélez-Juarbe et al. | |||
| Costa Rica ( 14 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Central America) | ||||
| 1869 | Frantzius, A.v. (TMM; 304.) | |||
| 1881 | Frantzius, A.v. (TMM; 423.) | |||
| 1897 | Alfaro G., A. | |||
| x | 1946b | Goodwin, G.G. (TMM; m445.) | ||
| 1983 | Ligon, S.H. (TMM) | |||
| x | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 583, 607.) | ||
| x | * | 1995 | Reynolds et al. (TMM; status & conservation; 193-196.) | |
| x | * | 1999 | Smethurst & Nietschmann (TMM; distr. & status, Tortuguero area; 267-274.) | |
| * | 2000 | Jiménez P., I. (TMM) | ||
| 2001 | Jiménez P., I. (TMM; status; 18-30.) | |||
| * | 2003 | Jiménez P., I. (TMM) | ||
| 2005 | Jiménez P., I. (TMM; Costa Rica & Nicaragua; habitat use) | |||
| 2011 | Gómez Lépiz, A. (TM; food preferences) | |||
| 2012 | Self-Sullivan & Mignucci-Giannoni (TM; status & conservation) | |||
| Crassitherium robustum Van Beneden, 1871 ( 7 ) | ||||
| * | 1871 | Van Beneden, P.J. (n.gen.n.sp.) | ||
| 1872a | Gervais, P. | |||
| x | 1874 | Flower, W.H. (m6.) | ||
| x | 1875a | Owen, R. (age considered Lower Mioc.; 104.) | ||
| x | 1885a | Woodward, H. (m470.) | ||
| x | 1887 | Flot, L. (in review; 136.) | ||
| * | 1934b | Sickenberg, O. | ||
| Crassitherium Van Beneden, 1871 ( 11 ) | ||||
| * | 1871 | Van Beneden, P.J. (n.gen.) | ||
| x | 1872a | Gill, T. (in classification; 92.) | ||
| x | 1875 | Van Beneden, P.J. (mention of juvenile specimen; 339.) | ||
| x | 1886b | Hartlaub, C. (m369-370, 376.) | ||
| x | 1887 | Flot, L. (considered ancestor of Rhytina; 136, 138.) | ||
| x | 1889 | Lefèvre, T. (in Belgian sir. fauna; 198, 200.) | ||
| x | 1891 | Flower & Lydekker (m223.) | ||
| x | 1932a | Simpson, G.G. (m481.) | ||
| * | 1934b | Sickenberg, O. | ||
| x | 1941 | Kretzoi, M. (m150; in classification, 154-155.) | ||
| 2014 | Voss, M. | |||
| Crenatosiren Domning, 1991 ( 3 ) | ||||
| x | v | 1974 | Domning, D.P. ("new species of Halitherium"; m8.) | |
| x | * | 1991b | Domning, D.P. (n.gen.; 398.) | |
| x | 1997c | Domning, D.P. (biostratigraphic utility; m179.) | ||
| Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976) Domning, 1991 ( 7 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1991b | Domning, D.P. (n.comb.; 398.) | |
| x | 1992 | Hulbert, R.C., Jr. (Florida; in checklist; 29, 33.) | ||
| x | 1997 | Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 224-226.) | ||
| x | * | 1997b | Domning, D.P. (redescr.; new material, Florida, South & North Carolina; 397-412.) | |
| x | 2006 | Pledge, N.S. (comp. w/ "Dugonginae incertae sedis", Early Plioc., South Australia; 296, 298-299, 302-303.) | ||
| 2012 | Vélez-Juarbe et al. | |||
| x | 2015 | Amson et al. (rib histology comp. w/ DD and Thalassocnus; 3.) | ||
| Cryptomastodon martini von Koenigswald, 1933 ( 3 ) | ||||
| D | * | 1933 | Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (n.gen.n.sp.; Java) | |
| D | 1966c | Shikama, T. | ||
| x | D | * | 1984 | Hooijer, D.A. (shown to be chimerical; 228-231.) |
| Cryptomastodon von Koenigswald, 1933 ( 5 ) | ||||
| D | * | 1933 | Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (n.gen.; Java) | |
| x | D | 1952 | Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (sir. affinities denied; 612.) | |
| D | 1976 | Reinhart, R.H. (not desmostylian; 282-283.) | ||
| x | D | 1982 | Reinhart, R.H. (not desmostylian; m553.) | |
| x | D | * | 1984 | Hooijer, D.A. (shown to be chimerical; 228-231.) |
| Cuba ( 39 ) | ||||
| 1671 | Ogilby, J. | |||
| 1826 | Humboldt, A.v. (TMM; Bahia de Jagua; use of freshwater springs at sea) | |||
| 1866 | Gundlach, J. | |||
| 1877 | Gundlach, J. | |||
| x | 1895 | Gundlach, J. (Manatus; m20.) | ||
| x | 1898 | Hill, R.T. (TM; m56.) | ||
| 1910 | Cuní y Valera, L.A. | |||
| x | 1917 | Holland, W.J. (TM; Isle of Pines; 356.) | ||
| x | 1918 | Cuní y Valera, L.A. (TM; gen. acc.; 93-95.) | ||
| x | 1920 | Goldman, E.A. (TM; 69.) | ||
| x | 1936 | Trelles-Duelo, L. (indeterminate sir.; Olig.; 269-270.) | ||
| x | 1942 | Morison, S.E. (TMM; caught with remoras in 1494, 457; using freshwater springs in Gulf of Cochinos, 459.) | ||
| x | * | 1972 | Varona, L.S. (Metaxytherium riveroi, n.sp.; M. Mioc.; 5-19.) | |
| x | 1977 | Van Bree & Duguy (TM; 292.) | ||
| 1980 | Varona, L.S. (TMM; gen. acc.) | |||
| x | 1984 | Cornide, R.I. (TM; blood antibodies; 1.) | ||
| * | 1986 | Sokolov, V.E. (TM; anatomy) | ||
| x | * | 1987 | Estrada & Ferrer (TM; western Cuba; distr. & status; 1-12.) | |
| 1988 | Ferrer & Estrada (TM; mortality) | |||
| 1989 | Coy Otero, A. (TM; trematode Chiorchis groschafti) | |||
| x | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 575-576, 602.) | ||
| x | 1992 | Ortiz et al. (TMM; copepod Harpactichechus manatorum & peritrichid protozoan; 117-119.) | ||
| x | 1994 | Marsh & Lefebvre (TMM; distr. & status; 155, 157.) | ||
| 2003 | MacPhee et al. (Mioc.; Domo de Zaza) | |||
| 2007 | Iturralde-V., M.A. ("Metaxitherium" rib) | |||
| * | 2010 | Alvarez-A. et al. (TML; use of power plant) | ||
| * | 2011 | Álvarez A., A. (TMM, TML) | ||
| x | 2013 | Friedman-Rudovsky, J. (TM; Cuba-Florida collaborative research; 447.) | ||
| 2014 | Navarro-M. et al. (TM; diet & digestive tract) | |||
| * | 2014 | Whitt et al. (TM) | ||
| 2016 | Alvarez-Alemán et al. (TMM; Isla de la Juventud.) | |||
| 2018a | Alvarez-Alemán et al. (TMM; conservation.) | |||
| 2018b | Alvarez-Alemán et al. (TML; traveling between Florida and Cuba) | |||
| 2019 | McLarty et al. (TMM; Cuba; habitat characterization with side-scan sonar) | |||
| 2019 | McLarty et al. (TMM; habitat characterization using side-scan sonar) | |||
| 2019 | Orihuela et al. (Dugongidae incertae sedis; Early Mioc.; brain endocasts) | |||
| 2021 | Alvarez-Aleman, A. (TMM; causes of mortality) | |||
| * | 2022 | Alvarez-Aleman et al., 2022 (TM; genetic diversity & structure) | ||
| x | v | n.d. | Berovides, V. (Trichechus; economic uses; pop. acc.; 13.) | |
| Culebratherium alemani Vélez-Juarbe & Wood, 2019 ( 1 ) | ||||
| * | 2019 | Vélez-Juarbe & Wood (n.gen.n.sp.; Mioc., Panama) | ||
| Culebratherium Vélez-Juarbe & Wood, 2019 ( 1 ) | ||||
| * | 2019 | Vélez-Juarbe & Wood (n.gen.; Mioc., Panama) | ||
| Cymatotherium antiquum Kaup, 1841 ( 1 ) | ||||
| * | 1841 | Kaup, J.J. (n.gen.n.sp.; Germany; 11-14, pl. 4.) | ||
| Cymatotherium Kaup, 1841 ( 2 ) | ||||
| * | 1841 | Kaup, J.J. (n.gen.; Germany; 11-14, pl. 4.) | ||
| x | 1932a | Simpson, G.G. ("Cyotherium"; m481.) | ||
Cyotherium Simpson, 1932: Cyotherium Simpson, 1932: SEE Cymatotherium ( 0 )
Cytology: Cytology: SEE Genetics; Histology ( 0 )