Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 
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| Genetics ( 79 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Phylogeny and Affinities) | ||||
| x | 1970 | Loughman et al. (TI; karyotype; 151-152, pl. 49.) | ||
| x | 1976 | White et al. (TML; karyotype; 413, 416-417.) | ||
| 1977 | White et al. (TML; karyotype) | |||
| x | 1984 | Short, R.V. (DD; chromosomes; 383-384.) | ||
| x | 1988 | Assis et al. (TI; karyotype; 41-50.) | ||
| x | 1988 | McClenaghan & O'Shea (TML; genetic variability; 481-488.) | ||
| x | 1993 | Bradley et al. (TML; cytochrome b DNA sequence; 197-202.) | ||
| 1993 | Springer & Kirsch | |||
| x | 1994 | Barry et al. (TML; keratan sulfate domain of aggrecan gene; 323-328.) | ||
| 1994 | Irwin & Arnason (DD; mtDNA sequence) | |||
| 1996 | Cashman et al. (TML; cDNA encoding interleukin 2; 89-98.) | |||
| x | 1996 | Lavergne et al. (DD, TM; mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence; 245-258.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Tikel et al. (DD, TML; mtDNA sequences; DNA recovered from feces; 456-457.) | ||
| * | 1998 | Garcia-R. et al. (TM; phylogeography) | ||
| 1998 | Moore et al. (NCAM) | |||
| x | 1999 | Galis, F. (Trichechus; reduced number of cervical vertebrae ?related to Hox genes; 23.) | ||
| 2000 | Garcia-R. et al. (TML; microsatellite DNA markers) | |||
| 2001 | O'Brien et al. | |||
| 2001 | Greenwood et al. | |||
| 2001 | O'Brien et al. (genome sequencing) | |||
| 2002 | Parr & Duffield (mitochondrial DNA variation) | |||
| 2002 | Malia et al. | |||
| 2002 | Corneli, P.S. (DD; mitochondrial genome; Afrotheria not supported) | |||
| 2002 | Gray et al. (TML; cytogenetic ideogram) | |||
| 2002 | Bradley & Reynolds (TML; interleukin 2) | |||
| 2003 | Joger et al. (genetics, comp. w/ Mammuthus) | |||
| 2003 | Nikaido et al. | |||
| 2005 | Cantanhede et al. (TI; phylogeography & population genetics) | |||
| 2006 | Shapiro et al. (Trichechus; pelvic reduction; genetic origins) | |||
| 2006 | Vianna et al. (Trichechus spp.; phylogeography & hybridization) | |||
| 2007 | Pardini et al. (chromosome painting; support for Paenungulata but not Tethytheria) | |||
| 2007 | Broderick et al. (DD; microsatellite loci) | |||
| 2007 | Pause et al. (TML; polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers) | |||
| 2007 | Carney et al. (TML; genetic sampling) | |||
| 2007 | Kellogg et al. (TML; chromosome painting supports Afrotheria & Paenungulata) | |||
| 2008 | Tringali et al. (TML; sex identification) | |||
| 2008 | McHale et al. (DD, TM; PCR assay for sex assignment) | |||
| 2008 | Jayasankar et al. (DD; India; PCR-based sex determination) | |||
| 2008 | Tringali et al. (TML; polymorphic microsatellite markers) | |||
| 2009 | Opazo et al. (beta/delta-Globin gene of paenungulate mammals) | |||
| x | 2009 | Meredith et al. (DD; enamelin gene not degenerate; 3.) | ||
| 2009 | Lanyon et al. (DD, TML; visual & molecular sex recognition) | |||
| 2009 | Muschett et al. (TM; Panama; fecal sampling for DNA analysis) | |||
| 2010 | Hunter, Broderick et al. (DD, TML; microsatellite primers) | |||
| 2010 | Poulakakis & Stamatakis (Afrotheria; genes & rare genomic changes) | |||
| 2010 | Lanyon et al. (DD; Queensland, Australia; molecular characterization of populations; skin sampling) | |||
| * | 2010 | Hunter, Auil et al. (TMM; Belize; genetic diversity) | ||
| 2011 | Varela-L. et al. (cervical vertebrae, homeotic mutations) | |||
| 2011 | Ferreira et al. (Dugong, Trichechus; forensic genetics) | |||
| 2011 | Nourisson et al. (TMM; Mexico; genetic diversity) | |||
| 2012 | Bonde et al. (TM; population biology; conservation) | |||
| 2012 | Luna et al. (TMM; northeast Brazil; phylogeography; release) | |||
| x | 2012 | Beck & Clark (Discusses genetic analysis as a means of individual identification; 137.) | ||
| 2012 | Satizabal et al. (TI, TMM; South America; phylogeography) | |||
| 2012 | Rosa de Oliveira et al. (South America; conservation, population biology, phylogeography) | |||
| 2012 | Svartman & Stanyon (chromosomes of Afrotheria) | |||
| 2012 | Hunter et al. (TML, TMM; genetic distinction) | |||
| 2012 | Buchholtz et al. (differentiation of cervical vertebrae & muscularization of diaphragm) | |||
| 2012 | Tucker et al. (TML; Florida; low genetic diversity; population structure; conservation) | |||
| * | 2012 | Parr et al. (Sir. genetics & demography) | ||
| * | 2014 | Crerar et al. (HG; St. Lawrence Is., Alaska; DNA) | ||
| * | 2015 | Springer et al. (molecular & morphological phylogeny) | ||
| * | 2016 | Barros et al. (Trichechus spp.; cranial & chromosomal geographic variation) | ||
| 2017 | Breaux et al. (TML; immunoglobulin) | |||
| 2017 | Diaz-Ferguson et al. (TMM; Panama) | |||
| 2018 | Gomez et al. (TMM; Mexico) | |||
| 2018 | Hunter et al. (TI, TML, TMM, TS; environmental DNA) | |||
| * | 2019 | Plön et al. (DD, Indian Ocean; mtDNA phylogeography; HG, skin sample) | ||
| * | 2019 | Sharko et al. (HG; molecular phylogeny; mitochondrial genome) | ||
| * | 2019 | Lima et al. (TI x TM hybridization) | ||
| * | 2019 | Vilaça et al. (TI x TM hybridization; French Guiana) | ||
| * | 2019 | Vilaça & Santos (TML, comp. w/other Trichechus; mitochondrial genome) | ||
| 2020 | Cherdsukjai et al. (DD; Thailand; age determination by telomere length, body length & weight) | |||
| 2021 | Poommouang et al. (DD; Thailand; genetic diversity) | |||
| * | 2021 | Souza et al. (Trichechidae; mitogenomes; evolutionary history) | ||
| * | 2021 | Sharko et al. (HG; nuclear genome) | ||
| * | 2021 | Luna et al. (TMM, TI; Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela; population biology) | ||
| * | 2022 | Noronha, Almeida et al. (TI, TMM; karyotypes; hybridization in Amazon estuary) | ||
| * | 2022 | Le Duc et al. (HG; comp. w/DD & TML; integument, thermoregulation, population biology) | ||
Geographic Information Systems: Geographic Information Systems: SEE Conservation ( 0 )
| Georgia ( 30 ) | ||||
| 1884 | Flower & Garson (Eoc. sir.) | |||
| x | * | 1956 | Tomkins, I.R. (TML; 288-289.) | |
| x | 1958 | Tomkins, I.R. (TML; 154.) | ||
| x | 1962 | Vickers, E.D. (indeterminate sirs.; Grady & Decatur Counties; Mioc.; 28-29.) | ||
| x | 1966 | Kellogg, R. (supposed sir. tusk [actually sperm whale tooth]; ?Mioc.; 78.) | ||
| x | 1969 | Voorhies, M.R. (supposed sir. [actually entelodont]; Eoc.; 93-94.) | ||
| x | 1970 | Pickering, S.M., Jr. ("Eosiren sp.?"; Eoc.; m20.) | ||
| 1973 | Voorhies, M.R. | |||
| x | * | 1974a | Hartman, D.S. (TML; 54-61.) | |
| x | 1974 | Voorhies, M.R. (indeterminate sir. ribs; Mioc., Statenville Local Fauna; 228.) | ||
| x | 1975 | Frey et al. (indet. sir.; Mioc. or Pleist.; Turtle River; 281-282, pl. 3.) | ||
| x | 1978 | Irvine & Campbell (TML; aerial sightings; 615.) | ||
| 1979 | Hardisky, M. | |||
| x | 1982 | Domning, Morgan & Ray (Eoc. sirs.; 4, 6, 11-12.) | ||
| x | * | 1982 | Rathbun et al. (TML; 153-154, 157-164.) | |
| x | 1985 | Ralph et al. (TML; m55.) | ||
| 1988 | Marine Mammal Commission (TML; habitat protection needs) | |||
| x | * | 1988a | O'Shea, T.J. (TML; 185, 187-188, 197-199.) | |
| x | 1989 | Baugh et al. (TML; Cumberland Sound; feeding on Spartina; 88-90.) | ||
| x | 1989b | Domning, D.P. (Metaxytherium; Mioc., Suwannee R.; 58-59.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Morgan, G.S. (Metaxytherium; Mioc., Suwannee R.; 50.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Palmer, D. (TML; construction of artificial warm-water refugium; 7.) | ||
| x | 1989 | Reid & O'Shea (TML; satellite tracking; 221, 227, 230.) | ||
| 1991 | Zoodsma et al. (TML) | |||
| 1991 | Zoodsma et al. (TML) | |||
| * | 1991 | Zoodsma, B.J. (TML; distr. & behavioral ecology) | ||
| x | 1993 | Turner & Buckingham (TML; Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base; accidental mortality & manatee protection plan; 1, 10-11.) | ||
| x | 1996 | Boice, L.P. (TM; Kings Bay; protective efforts by U.S. Navy; 3-4.) | ||
| x | 1998 | Hulbert & Pratt (Metaxytherium; Chatham Co.; m415.) | ||
| 2010 | Anderson et al. (indeterminate sir.; Late Eoc.) | |||
| Germany ( 48 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1834b | Kaup & Scholl (Pugmeodon Schinzii, n.gen.n.sp. [nomen nudum]; Olig., Flonheim; 16.) | |
| x | 1835 | Jäger, G.F.v. (indeterminate sir.; Mioc., Baltringen; 3-4, pl. 9.) | ||
| x | * | 1838a | Kaup, J.J. (Halytherium, n.gen.; Pugmeodon Schinzii, n.gen.n.sp.; Olig.; 319.) | |
| x | 1839b | Meyer, H.v. (Halianassa Studeri; Lörrach; 77.) | ||
| 1850 | Jäger, G.F.v. | |||
| x | 1861 | Van Beneden, P.J. (Halitherium; Darmstadt; 481.) | ||
| * | 1882 | Lepsius, G.R. (Halitherium schinzii) | ||
| 1923 | Berry, E.W. (Mainz Basin) | |||
| 1957 | Hunger & Magalowski | |||
| x | 1962 | Schäfer, W. (Halitherium schinzi; Olig.; 53-56.) | ||
| 1962 | Wilhelm, W. (Halitherium schinzi; Olig.; 51-53.) | |||
| 1962 | Pietsch, K. (Middle Olig.) | |||
| * | 1965 | Siegfried, P. (Anomotherium langewieschei, n.gen.n.sp.; Late Olig., Westfalen) | ||
| 1972 | Schwenzer, J. (Mainz Basin) | |||
| 1973 | Eisvogl, G. (Mainz Basin) | |||
| 1973 | Koehn, C. | |||
| 1978 | Schäfer, W. (Halitherium) | |||
| x | * | 1980 | Tobien, H. (Halitherium schinzii; occurrences in Mainz Basin; 207-209.) | |
| 1982 | Fischer & Krumbiegel (Halitherium schinzii: Leipzig area) | |||
| x | 1982 | Fischer, K. (Halitherium schinzii; Middle Olig., Leipzig; 151-153.) | ||
| x | 1983 | Müller, A. (Halitherium schinzii; "Middle" Olig., Leipzig Bight; 71-72, pl. 27.) | ||
| x | 1986a | Pilleri, G. (sir. premolar; Mioc., Baltringen; 18, 22, pl. 5.) | ||
| x | * | 1986 | Rothausen, K. (Halitherium schinzii, Anomotherium langewieschei; 520-521, 528-529, 545.) | |
| x | 1987 | Kraus, M. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; birth of twins; m33.) | ||
| x | 1987 | Mühling, P. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; birth of twins; 18-19.) | ||
| 1987 | Strehlow, H. (TMM; in capt., Berlin) | |||
| 1988 | Krüger, F.J. (Anomotherium langewieschei; Late Olig., Doberg) | |||
| 1991 | Freess, W.B. (Halitherium schinzii; Olig.) | |||
| 1992 | Heizmann, E.P.J. (Halitherium; Olig.) | |||
| 1992 | Schindler & Schindler (Halitherium schinzii; Olig.) | |||
| 1995a | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; in capt., Berlin) | |||
| 1995b | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; in capt., Berlin) | |||
| x | 1995 | Fichter, J. (Halitherium sp,; Late Olig., Hessen; 154.) | ||
| 1995 | Nickel, B. (?Halitherium; Olig.; Schauenburg-Hoof) | |||
| x | 1996 | Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; in capt., Berlin & elsewhere; history, 1884-1995; 22-23.) | ||
| 1999 | Fichter, J. (Halitherium ?schinzii; Olig., Schauenburg-Hoof) | |||
| x | 1999 | Darga et al. (indeterminate sir.; Late Olig., Bavaria; 104-105.) | ||
| x | 2001 | Sach & Heizmann (Metaxytherium cf. medium; Early Mioc., Ulm region; 11, 15, 23, 42-43, 52, 72, pl. 7.) | ||
| x | 2001 | Böhme, M. (Halitherium; Early Olig., Leipzig Bight; 76-79.) | ||
| 2008 | Diedrich, C.G. (Anomotherium langewieschei, Halitherium schinzii, Olig.) | |||
| 2008 | Voss, M. (Halitherium; Rhine area; Lower Olig.) | |||
| x | 2010 | Micklich & Hildebrandt (Halitherium schinzii; Early Olig., Baden-Württemberg; 3, 13, 18, 19.) | ||
| 2011 | Voss, M. (Halitherium schinzii; Early Olig., Münsterland) | |||
| 2012 | Schöggl & Micklich (Halitherium schinzii; early Olig., Baden-Württemberg) | |||
| 2013a | Diedrich, C.G. (Protosiren cf. fraasi; Middle Eoc., Fürstenau, Germany; shark predation; paleobiogeography) | |||
| 2013b | Diedrich, C.G. (Halitherium; Olig.; shark predation) | |||
| 2014 | Voss, M. | |||
| * | 2021 | Domning, D.P. (Mainz Basin; Halitherium, Kaupitherium, Pugmeodon; nomenclature) | ||
| Greenland ( 6 ) | ||||
| x | * | 1780 | Fabricius, O. ("Trichechus manatus"; skull; 6.) | |
| x | 1809a | Cuvier, G. (HG; based on Fabricius; 299.) | ||
| x | 1825a | Harlan, R. (HG; based on Fabricius; m281.) | ||
| x | 1828 | Fleming, J. ("Manatus borealis"; based on Fabricius; 29.) | ||
| x | 1840 | Baer, K.E.v. (HG; based on Fabricius; 64.) | ||
| x | 1978b | Domning, D.P. (specimen of Fabricius probably TM; 138-139.) | ||
| Growth Rates ( 19 ) | ||||
| x | 1924-25 | Vosseler, J. (TI; in capt., Hamburg; 124, 168-172.) | ||
| x | 1967a | Jones, S. (DD; in capt., India; 218.) | ||
| x | 1972 | Heinsohn, G.E. (DD; Queensland; 208-211.) | ||
| x | 1979 | Tas'an et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; body size & tail shape; 9-13.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Dekker, D. (TMM; in capt., Amsterdam; 26.) | ||
| x | 1980 | Marsh, H. (DD; Australia; calculated growth curves; 189-190, 198.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Best, R.C. (TI; in capt., Manaus; 0.8 kg/week on milk diet; 21.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Cardeilhac et al. (TML; in capt., St. Augustine, Florida; on milk diet; 143.) | ||
| x | 1981 | Kataoka & Asano (DD; in capt., Toba, Japan; 202.) | ||
| x | * | 1981 | Odell, D.K. (TML; in capt., Miami; 131-140.) | |
| x | 1981 | Zeiller, W. (TML; in capt., Miami; 106.) | ||
| x | 1982 | Best, Ribeiro et al. (TI; in capt., Manaus; on artificial formulas; 266.) | ||
| x | 1984 | White, Francis-Floyd & Waterstrat (TML; in capt.; 30-34.) | ||
| x | 1985 | Mühling, P. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; 12, 14.) | ||
| 1988a | Qiu Y.-X. (TM; in capt., Beijing; 36-37.) | |||
| x | 1990 | O'Shea & Reep (wild TML; Florida; brain & body size; 535-541.) | ||
| 1992 | Grubel da Silva, Soavinski et al. (TMM; in capt., Brazil) | |||
| 2009 | Schwarz & Runge (TM; age estimation; body length; Bayesian analysis) | |||
| * | 2010a | Vergara-P. et al. (TI; Brazil; growth rates) | ||
| Guatemala ( 9 ) | ||||
| (SEE ALSO: Central America) | ||||
| 1722 | SEE Ximénez, F., 1967. | |||
| x | 1883 | Stoll, O. (TMM; Lake Izabal; m346.) | ||
| 1887 | Brigham, W.T. (TMM) | |||
| 1932-33 | Fuentes y Guzm n, F.A. de (TMM, 17th century) | |||
| x | 1947 | Marden, L. (TMM; 546, 552, 558.) | ||
| 1980 | Janson, T. (TMM) | |||
| x | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 581-582, 606.) | ||
| 2014 | Jimenez-D. & Olivera-G. (TMM; Usumacinta River; habitat characteristics) | |||
| 2019 | Machuca-C. & Corona-F. (TMM; conservation) | |||
| Guyana ( 50 ) | ||||
| 1596 | Raleigh, W. | |||
| 1698 | Grillet & Bechamel | |||
| x | 1769a | Bancroft, E. (TMM; gen. acc.; 186-187.) | ||
| x | 1769b | Bancroft, E. (TMM; gen. acc.; 112-113.) | ||
| x | 1807 | Bolingbroke, H. (TMM; gen. acc.; 234.) | ||
| x | 1848 | Schomburgk, R. (TMM, ?TI; distr. & in capt.; 786.) | ||
| * | 1866 | Duff, R. | ||
| x | 1875 | Anon. (TMM from Demerara; in capt., London; 295.) | ||
| x | 1876 | Chapman, H.C. (TMM from Demerara; in capt., London; 459.) | ||
| x | 1880 | Murie, J. (TMM; in capt.; 21.) | ||
| 1884 | Ernst, A. (TMM; specimens of hide exhibited) | |||
| x | 1889 | Anon. (TMM from Demerara; in capt., London; 527-528.) | ||
| x | 1898 | Kirke, H. (TMM; 134-135.) | ||
| 1907 | Heilprin, A. | |||
| x | 1912 | Rodway, J. (TMM; superstition; 84.) | ||
| 1915 | Roth, W.E. | |||
| 1916 | Board Agric. Br. Guiana | |||
| 1919 | Beebe, W. (TMM; 226.) | |||
| x | 1920 | Beebe, W. (TMM; in capt., Georgetown; 730-732.) | ||
| 1921 | Anthony, H.E. | |||
| x | 1937 | Turner, J.P. (TMM; photo; 498.) | ||
| 1941 | Roth, V. | |||
| * | 1942 | Berkel, A.v. (TMM; earliest [17th century] account?) | ||
| 1957 | Burton, M. (TMM; photo) | |||
| x | 1960 | Allsopp, W.H.L. (TMM; weed control; 762.) | ||
| x | 1960a | Anon. (TMM; weed control; 58.) | ||
| 1960 | McTurk, W.H. | |||
| 1961 | Roth, V. | |||
| x | 1962 | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; weed control; 1329.) | ||
| x | 1963 | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; status, distr., & econ. use; 90-93.) | ||
| * | 1963 | Bertram, G.C.L. (TMM; gen. acc.) | ||
| x | * | 1964a | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; behavior & ecology; 115-120.) | |
| 1964 | Norwood, V.G.C. | |||
| 1968 | Hanif & Poonai | |||
| x | * | 1969 | Allsopp, W.H.L. (TMM; weed control experiments; 344-350.) | |
| x | * | 1973a | Anon. (TMM; weed control; workshop report; 4-5, 17-19.) | |
| x | 1973 | Bertram & Bertram (TMM; distr. & status; 320-321.) | ||
| * | 1974c | Anon. (workshop report on Manatee Research Centre) | ||
| x | 1974 | Bertram, G.C.L. (proposed Manatee Research Centre; 12-13, 19.) | ||
| x | 1974 | Sanger, C. (TMM; weed control; captive breeding; 23.) | ||
| x | 1974a | Spurgeon, D. (TMM; weed control; 238-239.) | ||
| x | 1974b | Spurgeon, D. (TMM; weed control; 10-11.) | ||
| x | 1974b | Vietmeyer, N.D. (TMM; weed control; 60-64.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Bertram & Bertram (history & status of INCEREMAN project; 106-108.) | ||
| x | 1977 | Van Bree & Duguy (TMM; 292.) | ||
| 1987 | Bertram, G.C.L. (TMM) | |||
| x | 1989 | Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 586, 608.) | ||
| x | * | 1991 | Haigh, M.D. (TMM; weed control; 339-349.) | |
| x | 1995 | Jagan, J. (TMM; children's story; 59-62.) | ||
| 2021 | Luna et al. (TMM; genetics, population biology) | |||