Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 
Bibliography Record
| x | Gerstein, Edmund R.; Gerstein, Laura; Forsythe, Steven E.; Blue, Joseph E. | ||
| 1999 | The underwater audiogram of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Jour. Acoustical Soc. Amer. 105(6): 3575-3587. 2 tabs. 7 figs. June 1999. –Behavioral experiments on two captive adult Florida manatees produced a U-shaped audiogram with auditory thresholds at 0.4 and 46 kHz and maximum sensitivity between 6 and 20 kHz. Detection thresholds of possible vibrotactile origin were measured at 0.015-0.2 kHz. Sensitivity falls 20 dB per octave below 0.8 kHz and approximately 40 dB per octave above 26 kHz. The audiogram demonstrates a wider range of hearing and greater sensitivity than was suggested by evoked-potential and anatomical studies. Inadequate sensitivity at low frequencies may contribute to manatees' inability to avoid collisions with motorboats. Use of high-frequency directional acoustic beacons on boats is suggested as a remedy. | ||
Related Index Records
5 related index terms
Behavior, Investigative, and Sense Perception
(SEE ALSO: Sense Organs; Sound Production)
(SEE ALSO: Sense Organs; Sound Production)
| x | * | 1999 | Gerstein et al. (TML; underwater audiogram; 3575-3583.) |
Captivity, Sirenians in
(SEE ALSO: Hunting and Capture; Weed Control)
(SEE ALSO: Hunting and Capture; Weed Control)
| x | 1999 | Gerstein et al. (TML; Lowry Park Zoo, Tampa; hearing experiments; 3575-3583.) |
Food
(SEE ALSO: Behavior, Ingestive; Captivity, Sirenians in; Digestive System; Food Plants; Weed Control) (NOTE: Plants reported as part of the captive but not the natural diet of sirs. will not necessarily be found under Food Plants. Papers referring to them are, however, indexed here.)
(SEE ALSO: Behavior, Ingestive; Captivity, Sirenians in; Digestive System; Food Plants; Weed Control) (NOTE: Plants reported as part of the captive but not the natural diet of sirs. will not necessarily be found under Food Plants. Papers referring to them are, however, indexed here.)
| x | 1999 | Gerstein et al. (TML; in capt.; food rewards used in training; 3575.) |
Trichechus inunguis (Natterer in von Pelzeln, 1883) Thomas and Lydekker, 1897
| x | 1999 | Gerstein et al. (hearing, comp. w/ TML; 3580.) |
Trichechus manatus latirostris (Harlan, 1824) Hatt, 1934
| x | 1999 | Gerstein et al. (underwater audiogram; 3575-3583.) |